Volume 29, Issue 1 (3-2021)                   www.ijcm.ir 2021, 29(1): 49-62 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Khodaean Chegeni, Rashidnejad Omran, Baharifar, Vaccaro, Maria Conte. mineral chemistry and origin of chromium in uvarovite bearing garnets from Baba-Nazar( NE Takab). www.ijcm.ir 2021; 29 (1) :49-62
URL: http://ijcm.ir/article-1-1585-en.html
1- Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate CNR-ISAC, Bologna, Italy
4- C.N.R.-IGAG c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:   (1430 Views)
The garnet calc-silicates at Baba-Nazar are located in the NE of Takab, Sanandaj- Sirjan zone. Anhedral to euhedral green colored garnets is a characteristic feature of these Calc-silicates. Mineral chemistry shows that garnets are Andradite- Grossular and contain more than 13% uvarovite. The high chromium content garnet, Cr-Spinel that have relatively Cr rich core than the rim, sulfide opaque minerals such as pyrite and chalcopyrite in this calc-silicate unit are regarded as evidence of the ultramafic protolith which can be considered the source of chromium for these garnets. The similarity in the geochemical composition of whole- rock between these garnet calc-silicates and ultramafic rocks is also consistent with ultramafic protolith. These rocks were affected by hydrothermal alteration that has caused high Ca and low Mg contents in these garnets and the host rocks compare to those from mantle source and ultramafic rocks. The introduction of CO2 rich fluids caused the carbonatization of ultramafic protolith and preferential removal of Mg. The faults, as channels for circulation of the hydrothermal fluids, play a key role during the process of hydrothermal alteration.
Full-Text [PDF 3417 kb]   (539 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special

References
1. [1] Balciunaite I., Kleismantas A., Norkus E., "chemical composition of rare garnets, their colours and gemological characteristics", Chemija, 26, 1 (2015) 18-24.
2. [2] Kanungo D.R., Malpe D.B., Radhakrishnan C.J, "Chrome-Rich Green Garnets from Mesoproterozoic Sausar Fold Belt, Tirodi Area, Central India", Journal of geological society of India, 69 (2007) 65-69.
3. [3] Von Knorring O., Condliffe E., Tong Y. L., "some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of chromium bearing skarn minerals from northern Karella, Finland", Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 58, Part 1 (1986) 277-292. [DOI:10.17741/bgsf/58.1.019]
4. [4] Parthasarathy G., Balaram V., Srinivasan R., "Characterization of green garnets from an Archean calc-silicate rock, Bandihalli, Karnataka, India: evidence for a continuous solid solution between uvarovite and grandite", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences ,17 (1999) 345-352. [DOI:10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00064-6]
5. [5] Saki S., Kiani M., "review of gemology and genesis of garnet in Iran and world, 3 th gemology, crystalograghy and mineralogy national symposium of Iran", Shahid beheshti university, (2016) 15-22.
6. [6] Shirmohammadi p., "mineralogy and geochemistry of Baba- Nazar garnet (Takab, west Azarbaijan province), Msc. Thesis", Urmia University, Urmia, Iran(Unpublished) (2014) 103 pp.
7. [7] Alipour S., Shirmohammadi p., RahimSouri Y., "Geochemistry of REEs and reconstruction of structural formula of Baba-Nazar garnet index (Takab, W. Azarbayedjan), Petrology", 6th Year, 23 (2015) 83-96.
8. [8] Alipour S., Shirmohammadi p., RahimSouri Y., Bagheri H., "Geology, petrography and floid inclusion of Baba-Nazar garnet index (Takab, W. Azarbayedjan)", earth science Quarterly Journal, 25th year, 98 (2015) 349-362.
9. [9] Barghi B., "geology and geochemistry of Tajghani and Kamartelar chromite in SE Khorasan (Birjand- Gazik)", Msc. Thesis, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran (Unpublished), 81pp (2006).
10. [10] Barghi B., Zarrinkob M. H., "mineralogy of green color garnet on the Tajghani chromite index in East of Birjand, Southern Korasan, Iran", 15th crystallography and mineralogy of Iran, Mashad university, (2007) 445-448.
11. [11] Montaseri M., "mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogensis of green garnet in Esfandaghe ophiolites (SE Kerman)", Msc. Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran(Unpublished), 210pp (2011).
12. [12] BabaKhani A., Ghalamghash J., "Geological Quadrangle Map", Geological Survey of Iran (1992).
13. [13] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran, a review", American Association of Petrolum Geologists Bulletin, 52 (1968) 1229-1258. [DOI:10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D]
14. [14] Berberian M., King G.C.P., "Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18 (1981) 210-265. [DOI:10.1139/e81-019]
15. [15] Alavi Naini M., Amidi M., Tavousian Sh., Hajian J., Bolourchi M., Aghanabati A., Pelissier G., Takab quaderangle map (1:250000), Geological Survey of Iran (1976).
16. [16] Rashidnejad Omran N., Momenzade M., "two ophiolitic suites index in Takab complex", 5th Earth science symposium, geological survey of Iran (1987).
17. [17] Whitney D. L., Evans B. W., "abbreviations for names of rock forming minerals", American mineralogist, 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
18. [18] Droop G. T.R, "Alpine metamorphism of pelitic schists in the south- east Tauern Window, Austria", Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische, 61 (1978) 237- 273.
19. [19] Locock A, J., "an Excel spread sheet to recast analyses of garnet in to end member components and a synopsis of crystal chemistry of natural silicate garnets", Computer and geosciences, 34 (2008) 1769- 1780. [DOI:10.1016/j.cageo.2007.12.013]
20. [20] Pan Y., Fleet M.E., "Cr-rich calc-silicates from the Hemlo area Ontario", Canadian Mineralogist, 27 (1989) 565-577.
21. [21] Smirnov V. I., Ginzburg A. I., Grigoriev V. M., Yakoviev G.F., "studies of mineral deposites", Moscow, Miv (1983) 288pp.
22. [22] Winter J.D., "Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology, second edition, Edinburg gate", Harlow, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England and Associated companies throughout world, 738pp (2014).
23. [23] Harangi S., Downes H., Kosa L., Szabo C., Thirlwall M.F., Mason P.R.D., Mattey D., "Almandine garnet in calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of the Northern Pannonian Basin, (Eastern-Central Europe), geochemistry, petrogenesis and geodynamic implications", Journal of Petrology, 42 (2001) 1813-1843. [DOI:10.1093/petrology/42.10.1813]
24. [24] Schulze D. J., "A classification scheme for mantle-derived garnets in kimberlite, a tool for investigating the mantle and exploring for diamonds", Lithos, 71(2003)195-213. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00113-0]
25. [25] Cookenboo H.O., Grütter H.S., "Mantle-derived indicator mineral compositions asapplied to diamond exploration, Geochemistry", Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 10 (2010) 81-95. [DOI:10.1144/1467-7873/09-220]
26. [26] Heimann A., Spry P.G., Teale G.S., Conor C.H.H., Leyh W.R., "Geochemistry of garnet-rich rocks in the southern Curnamona Province, Australia and their genetic relationship to Broken Hill-Type Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization", Economic Geology ,104 (2011) 687-712. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.104.5.687]
27. [27] Deer W.A., Howie R.A., Zussman J., "Rock-forming Minerals, 1A, Orthosilicates", 2nd Edn. The Geological Society, London, (1997) 642-648.
28. [28] Sobolev N.V., Lavrent'ev Yu.G., Pokhilenko N.P., Usova L.V., "Chrome-rich garnets from the kimberlites of Yakutia and their parageneses", Contributions in Mineralogy and Petrology ,40 (1973) 39-52. [DOI:10.1007/BF00371762]
29. [29] Clarke D. B., Carswell D. A., "Green garnets from the Newlands kimberlite, Cape Province, South Africa", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 34, 1 (1977) 30-38. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(77)90102-9]
30. [30] Kesson S.E., Ringwood A.E., "Slab-mantle interactions", The formation of diamonds: Chemical Geology,78 (1989) 97-118. [DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(89)90110-1]
31. [31] Frankel J.J., "Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (Hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal", Amer. Miner., 44 (1959) 565-591.
32. [32] Nixon P.H., Hornung G., "A new chromium garnet end member, Knorringite from kimberlites", American Mineraligist, 53 (1968) 1833-1840
33. [33] Dunn P.J. , "On the composition of some Canadian Green garnets", Canadian Miner, 16 (1978) 205-206.
34. [34] Klemme S., Van miltenburg J. C., Javorsky P., Wastin F., "Thermodynamic properties of uvarovite garnet (Ca3Cr2Si3O12)", American Mineralogist, 90, 663-666. [DOI:10.2138/am.2005.1812]
35. [35] Chepurov A., Turkin A., Dereppe J.M., "interaction of serpentine and chromite as apossible formation mechanism of subcalcic chromium garnet in the upper mantle, an experimental study", Eur.J. Mineral, 28 (2016) 329-336 [DOI:10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2517]
36. [36] Mange M.A., Morton A.C., "Geochemistry of heavy minerals, In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use, Developments in Sedimentology", 58, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (2007) 345-391. [DOI:10.1016/S0070-4571(07)58013-1]
37. [37] Suggate S.M., Hall R., "Using detrital garnet compositions to determine provenance, a newcompositional database and procedure, In: Scott, R.A., Smyth, H.R., Morton, A.C., Richardson, N. (Eds.), Sediment Provenance Studies in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production", Geological Society of London, Special Publication, (2013) 386 [DOI:10.1144/SP386.8]
38. [38] Grütter H.S., Gurney J.J., Menzies A.H., Winter F., "An updated classification scheme for mantle-derived garnets, for use by diamond explorers", Lithos 77(2004) 841-857. [DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.012]
39. [39] Irvine N.T., "Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indica‌tor Part 2, Petrologic applications", Canadian Journal of Earth Science 4 (1967) 71-103. [DOI:10.1139/e67-004]
40. [40] Arai S., "A review of my mantle petrology, message to young petrologists", Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 39(2010) 1-11 (in Japanese with English abstract). [DOI:10.2465/gkk.39.1]
41. [41] Arai S., Hirai H., Uto K., "Mantle peridotite xenoliths from the Southwest Japan arc and a model for the sub-arc upper mantle structure and composition of the Western Pacific rim", Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences. 95 (2000) 9-23. [DOI:10.2465/jmps.95.9]
42. [42] Taguchi T., Satish-Kumar M., Hokada T., Jayananda M., "petrogenesis of Cr - rich cala- silicate rocks from the Bandihalli supracrustal belt, Archean Dharwar craton", India, Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2012) 705-718. [DOI:10.3749/canmin.50.3.705]
43. [43] Kamenetsky V.S., Crawford A.J., Meffre S., "Factors controlling chemistry of magmatic spinel, an empirical study of associated olivine, Cr-spinel and melt inclusions from primitive rocks", J. Petrol. 42 (2001) 655-671 [DOI:10.1093/petrology/42.4.655]
44. [44] Bidyananda M., Mitra S., "Chromitites of komatiitic affinity from Archaean Nuggihalli greenstone belt of south India", Mineral Petrol, 84 (2005) 169-187. [DOI:10.1007/s00710-005-0079-3]
45. [45] Mondal S.K., Ripley E.M., Li C., Frei R., "The genesis of Archean chromitites from the Nuasahi and Sukinda massifs in the Singhbhum craton", India, Precambrian Res. 148 (2006) 45-66. [DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.04.001]
46. [46] Rollinson H., "The geochemistry of mantle chromitites from the northern part of the Oman ophiolite: inferred parental melt compositions", Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 156 (2008) 273-288. [DOI:10.1007/s00410-008-0284-2]
47. [47] Mukherjee R., Mondal S.K., Rosing M.T., Frei R., "Compositional variations in the Mesoarchean chromites of the Nuggihalli schist belt, Western Dharwar craton (India)", potential parental melts and implications for tectonic setting, Contrib Mineral Petrol, 160 (2010) 865-885. [DOI:10.1007/s00410-010-0511-5]
48. [48] Colakloglu A. R., "Geology and geochemical characteristics of Gevaş listwaenites (Van-Turkey)", Journal of the Earth Sciences Application and Research Centre of Hacettepe University, Yerbilimleri, 30 (1) (2009) 59-81.
49. [49] Kashkai M.A., Allakhverdiev S.H.I., "Listvenites, their origin and classification", Institute Geologim Akad. I. M. Gubkina; Izdat Akad Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku,142 p [in Russian] (1965).
50. [50] Capedri S., Rossi A., "Conditions governing the formation of ophi-calcites and listwaenites", Bulletin of Geological Society of Greece, X (1), (1973) 278-297.
51. [51] Buisson G., Leblanc M., "Gold-bearing listwaenites (carbonatized ultramafic rocks) from ophiolite complexes, In: J.M. Gallagher, R.A. Ixer, C.R. Neary (eds.) Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks", Instution of Mining and Metalurgy, London (1986) 121-132.
52. [52] Tsikouras B., Karapi S., Grammatikopoulos A.T., Hatzipanagiotou K., "Listwaenite evolution in the ophiolite melange of Iti Mountain", European Journal Mineralogy, 18 (2006) 243-255. [DOI:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0243]
53. [53] Lutkov V. S., Mogarovskii V. V., V. Ya. Lutkova, "Petrogeochemistry and Genesis of Listwaenite Xenoliths in the Alkali Basalts of the Southern Tien Shan, Geochemistry International, 45, 8 (2007) 733-743. [DOI:10.1134/S0016702907080010]
54. [54] Emam A., Zoheir B., "Au and Cr mobilization through metasomatism, Microchemical evidence from ore-bearing listvenite, South Eastern Desert of Egypt", Journal of Geochemical Exploration, GEXPLO-05102 (2012) 12pp. [DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.11.004]
55. [55] Abdel-Aal M., Abdel-Karim Shaimaa A., El Shafei, "Mineralogy and chemical aspects of some ophiolitic metaultramafics, central Eastern Desert, Egypt: Evidences from chromites", sulphides and gangues, open access Geological Journal; 53 (2017) 580-599. [DOI:10.1002/gj.2914]
56. [56] Aftabi A., Zarrinkoub M H., "Petrogeochemistry of listvenite association in metaophiolites of Sahlabad region, eastern Iran, Implications for possible epigenetic Cu-Au ore exploration in metaophiolites", Lithos 156-159 (2013) 186-203. [DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.11.006]
57. [57] Burkhard D. I. M., "Accessory chromium spinels: their coexistence and alteration in serpentinites", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(6) (1993) 1297-1306. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90066-6]
58. [58] Halls C., Zhao R., "Listvenite and related rocks: pespectives on terminology and mineralogy with reference to an occurrence at Cregganbaur", Mayo Co., Republic of Ireland. Miner Depos 30 (1995) 303-313. [DOI:10.1007/BF00196366]
59. [59] Ferenc S., Uher P., Spišiak J., Šimonov V., "Chromium- and nickel-rich micas and associated minerals in listvenite from the Murلnska Zdychava, Slovakia: products of hydrothermal metasomatic transformation of ultrabasic rock", Journal of Geosciences, 61 (2016) 239-254. [DOI:10.3190/jgeosci.217]
60. [60] Hansen L. D., Dipple G. M., Gordon T. M., Kellet D. A., "Carbonated serpentinite (listwanite) at Atlin, British Columbia: a geological analogue to carbon dioxide sequestration", Canad Mineral, 43 (2005) 225-239. [DOI:10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.225]
61. [61] Wan H.M., Yeh C.L., "Uvarovite and grossular from the Fengtien Nephrite deposits", Eastern Taiwan. Mineralogical Magazine, 48 (1984) 31−37. [DOI:10.1180/minmag.1984.048.346.05]
62. [62] Kalamarides R.I., Berg J.H., "Coexisting Cr-rich and Cr-poor garnet from a calc-silicate Gneiss", Labrador, The Canadian Mineralogist 26 (1988) 335-342.
63. [63] Challis A., Grapes R., Palmer K., "Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite: products of regional metasomatism in Northwest Nelson", New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(1995) 1263-1284.
64. [64] Kerr P.F., "Optical mineralogy", McGra-Hill book company, 492P (1977).
65. [65] Melcher F., Grum W., Simon G., Thalhammer T.V., Stumpfl E.F., "Petrogenesis of the ophiolitic giant chromite deposits of Kempirsai, Kazakhstan: a study of solid and fluid inclusions in chromite", Journal of Petrology 38(1997) 1419-1458. [DOI:10.1093/petroj/38.10.1419]
66. [66] Emerson E. A., "analysis of oxidation in garnets, bachelor thesis", department of geology and geography of mount Holyoke college (2008) 130p.
67. [67] Saidi M., Falahati S., Noghreyan M., Khalili M., Ghahraipour M., "Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of carbonate - silica serpentines (listwaenite) in north of Nain ophiolite (west of central Iran)", 17, 3 (2009) 405-417.
68. [68] Belogub E. V., Melekestseva I., Novoselov K. A., Zabotina M. V., Tretyakov G. A., Zaykov V. V., Yuminov A.M., "Listvenite-related gold deposits of the South Urals (Russia)", A review, Ore Geology Reviews, 85 (2017) 247-270. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.11.008]
69. [69] Turekian K. K., Wedepohl K. W., "Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earths crust", Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72 (1961) 175- 192. [DOI:10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb