Volume 27, Issue 3 (10-2019)
www.ijcm.ir 2019, 27(3): 537-550 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Yousefi T, Abedini A, Aliyari F, Calagari A. Mineralogy and fluid inclusion investigations in the Zarshuran gold deposit, north of Takab, NW Iran. www.ijcm.ir 2019; 27 (3) :537-550
URL: http://ijcm.ir/article-1-1325-en.html
URL: http://ijcm.ir/article-1-1325-en.html
Mineralogy and fluid inclusion investigations in the Zarshuran gold deposit, north of Takab, NW Iran
1- Urmia University
2- Urmia University of Technology
3- University of Tabriz
2- Urmia University of Technology
3- University of Tabriz
Abstract: (3963 Views)
The Zarshuran Carlin-type gold deposit is located about 30 km north of Takab, West-Azarbaidjan Province, NW Iran. Interaction between the ore-forming fluids and the host carbonates and shales resulted in development of the decarbonatization, argillic, alunite, silicic, and sulfide alteration zones in the study area. Based on mesoscopic and microscopic studies on drill core samples, gold mineralization is mainly associated with Au-bearing pyrite and arsenic-containing pyrite generated during two stages. The mineral assemblages associated with these stages are As-bearing pyrite, realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, stibnite, and colloform sphalerite together with lesser amounts of sulfosalts (tetrahedrite and getchellite) intergrown with jasperoid and quartz. The microthermometric studies on liquid-rich 2-phase fluid inclusions in euhedral quartz crystals intergrown with the Au-bearing sulfides showed that the ore-forming fluids had an average homogenization temperature (Th) and salinity of about 260°C and 9.2 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The variation trends in salinity and Th of fluid inclusions could be explained by a combination of mixing and dilution of ore-bearing fluids with subsurface waters of meteoric origin. These processes were likely the principal cause for instability of Au-bearing complexes and hence gold deposition in the veins/veinlets. In addition, on the basis of the obtained pressures from microthermometric data the estimated depths for ore formation were within the range of 160 to 300 meters correlated with 40 to 75 bars, which is in agreement with some known Carlin-type gold deposits. In general, the geological, mineralogical, textural, and microthermometric data provided sufficient evidence to categorize the gold mineralization at Zarshuran as Carlin-type
References
1. [1] Ghasemi A., Talbot C. J., "A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (Iran)", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26 (2006) 683-693. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.01.003]
2. [2] Daliran F., "The carbonate rock-hosted epithermal gold deposit of Agdarreh, Takab geothermal field, NW Iran-hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation", Mineralium Deposita 43 (2008) 383-404. [DOI:10.1007/s00126-007-0167-x]
3. [3] Mehrabi B., Yardley B. W. D., Cann J.R., "Sediment-hosted disseminated gold mineralisation at Zarshuran, NW Iran", Mineralium Deposita 34 (1999) 673-696. [DOI:10.1007/s001260050227]
4. [4] Asadi H. H., Voncken J. H. L., Kuhnel R. A., Hale M., "Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Zarshouran Carlin-like gold deposit, northwest Iran", Mineralium deposita 35 (2000) 656-671. [DOI:10.1007/s001260050269]
5. [5] Babakhani A, Ghalamghash J., "The 1:100000 geology map of the Takhte-Soleyman", Geological Survey of Iran (1990).
6. [6] Aliyari F., Afzal P., Abdollahi Sharif J., "Determination of geochemical anomalies and gold mineralized stages based on litho-geochemical data for Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit (NW Iran) utilizing multi-fractal modeling and stepwise factor analysis", Journal of Mining and Environment 8 (2017) 1-19.
7. [7] Whitney D.L., Evans B.W., "Abbreviations for Names of Rock-Forming Minerals", American Mineralogist, 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
8. [8] Cline J., Hofstra A., Muntean J., Tosdal R., Hickey K., "Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada: Critical geologic characteristics and viable models", in Hedenquist, J.W., Thompson, J. F. H., Goldfarb, R. J., and Richards, J. P., eds., 100th Anniversary Volume: Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, CO (2005) 451-484. [DOI:10.5382/AV100.15]
9. [9] Lubben J. D., Cline J. S., Barker S. L. L., "Ore Fluid Properties and Sources from Quartz-Associated Gold at the Betze-Post Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Nevada, United States", Economic Geology 107 (2012) 1351-1385. [DOI:10.2113/econgeo.107.7.1351]
10. [10] Emsbo P., Hofstra A. H., Lauha E. A., Griffin G. L., Hutchinson R. W., John D. A., Theodore T. G. "Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, northern Carlin Trend, Nevada", Economic Geology 98 (2003) 1069-1105. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1069]
11. [11] Shepherd T. J., Rankin A. H., Alderton, D. H., "A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies", Glasgow, Blackie and Son (1985) 239.
12. [12] Roedder E.,"Discussion of a reassessment of phase-equilibria involving 2 liquids in the system K2O-Al2O3-FeO-SiO2", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 82 (1984) 284-290. [DOI:10.1007/BF01166622]
13. [13] Bodnar R. J., "Introduction to aqueous-electrolyte fluid inclusions. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation", Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course 32 (2003) 81-100.
14. [14] Hofstra A. H., Cline J. S., "Characteristics and models for Carlin-type gold deposits", Reviews in Economic Geology 13 (2000) 163-220.
15. [15] Lubben J. D., "Silicification Across the Betze-Post Carlin-Type Au Deposit: Clues to Ore Fluid Properties and Sources, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada [MS Unpublished MS Thesis", University of Nevada, Las Vegas, (2004) 155.
16. [16] Large S.J.E., Bakker E.Y.N., Weis P., Wälle M., Ressel M., Heinrich C.A.,. "Trace elements in fluid inclusions of sediment-hosted gold deposits indicate a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the Carlin ore trend". Geology. 44(12) (2016) 1015-1018. [DOI:10.1130/G38351.1]
17. [17] Jun C., Rui-Dong Y., Li J.D., Lu-L.Z., Jun B.G., Chun K.L., Huai R.W., Ming G.Y., "Mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusions of the Qinglong Sb-(Au) deposit, Youjiang basin (Guizhou, SW China)", Ore Geology Reviews 92 (2018) 1-18. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.11.009]
18. [18] Su W.C., Zhu L.Y., Ge X., Shen N.P., Zhang X.C., Hu R.Z., "Infrared microthermometry of fluid inclusions in stibnite from the Dachang antimony deposit, Guizhou". Acta Petrol Sin. 31 (4) (2015) 918-924 (in Chinese with English abstract).
19. [19] Nigel J.F. Blamey, Andrew R. Campbell., Matt T. Heizler, "The Hydrothermal Fluid Evolution of Vein Sets at the Pipeline Gold Mine", Nevada:, Minerals 100 (2017) 1-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.mineng.2016.10.002]
20. [20] Hofstra, A. H.,"Geology and genesis of the Carlin-type Au deposits in the Jerritt Canyon district, Nevada", Unpublished PhD (Doctoral dissertation, dissertation, Boulder, University of Colorado, (1994).
21. [21] Bodnar R. J.,"A method of calculating fluid inclusion volumes based on vapor bubble diameters and PVTX properties of inclusion fluids", Economic Geology 78 (1983) 535-542. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.78.3.535]
22. [22] Wilkinson J. J., "Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits", Lithos 55 (2001) 229-272. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5]
23. [23] Haas J. L., "Physical properties of the co-existing phases and thermometrical properties of H2O component in boiling NaCl solutions: Preliminary steam tables for NaCl solutions", United States Geological Survey Bulletin, (1976) 1421-A.
24. [24] Urusova M. A., "Volume properties of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride at elevated temperatures and pressures", Russian Journal o Inorganic Chemistry 20 (1975) 1717-1721.
25. [25] Rossetti P., Colombo F., "Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato_Caldas, Colombia.: field and petrographic data", In: McCaffrey K.J.W., Lonergan L., Wilkinson J.J.-Eds.., Fractures, "Fluid Flow and Mineralization. Geological Society of London", Special Publications 155 (1999) 167-182. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.13]
26. [26] Hofstra A. H., Leventhal J. S., Northrop H. R., Landis G. P., Rye R. O., Birak D. J., Dahl A. R., "Genesis of sediment-hosted disseminated-gold deposits by fluid mixing and sulfidization; chemical-reaction-path modeling of ore depositional processes documented in the Jerritt Canyon District, Nevada", Geology19(1991)36-40.
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0036:GOSHDG>2.3.CO;2 [DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)0192.3.CO;2]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
