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Showing 1 results for Hydrothermal Processes

Ali Abedini, Maryam Khisravi,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract

The Sari-Tappeh kaolin deposit is located about 10 km northeast of Marand, Azarbaidjan Province, northwestern Iran and is hosted by Oligocene volcanic igneous rocks (dacite-andesite). Kaolinite, quartz, alunite, halloysite, rutile and pyrite are the minerals of the central part of the deposit. Meanwhile, the outer part of the deposit consists of kaolinite, quartz, smectite, illite, chlorite, goethite and plagioclase minerals. The negative correlations between Al2O3-SiO2, SiO2-LOI and Al2O3-K2O reveal that kaolinitization in Sari Tappeh has been developed by function of hydrothermal processes. The increases in the ratios of (La/Yb)N and (LREE/HREE)N from the center to the outside parts of the deposit and mineralogical changes can be used as a reason for the increasing the pH of hydrothermal solutions due to the reaction with host rocks and the preferential absorption of LREE by clay minerals (kaolinite, smectite and illite) and goethite. The effective role of hypogene processes and high-temperature fluids during the development of the kaolin deposit can be inferred with strong negative anomalies of Ce and Eu, and strong positive correlations between P2O5 with (La/Lu)N and (LREE/HREE)N. Furthermore, the values ​​of geochemical parameters such as TiO2+Fe2O3 and La+Ce+Y suggest the limited overlapping of supergene processes on hypogene processes during the development and formation of the Sari Tappeh kaolin deposit. Combining the results obtained from mineralogical and geochemical studies show that acid-sulfate solutions have played an important role in the formation of deposit.

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