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Showing 5 results for Hybrid

,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (7-2008)
Abstract

: Despite that, in the Alvand complex, the mafic-intermediate rocks (gabbros, diorites and tonalites) are mostly older than felsic rocks (granodiorites and monzogranites), and mineralogical and geochemical discontinuity is seen between them, there are evidence that indicate they have sometimes been co-existed. With the studies on field relationship of rocks, xenocrysts assemblages, synplutonic dykes and their related enclaves I affirm synchroneous occurrence of mafic and felsic magmas, in some periods, and I present evidence of magma mingling/mixing between them. Gabbro-dioritic magmas of mantle origin from one side and crustal, anatectic magmas from another side were intruded the area repeatedly and sometimes synchroneously, and produced a range of crustal (anatectic), mantle and hybrid rocks. Granitic rocks of crustal origin mostly contain restitic (surmicaceous) enclaves, sillimanite, andalusite, cordierite and garnet xenocrysts and their common mafic mineral is biotite (without any hornblende). Migmatitic rocks containing porphyroblast assemblages resemble the xenocryst minerals of granites occuring near to granites. Mantle type rocks (gabbro-diorite-tonalites) commonly have pyroxene and hornblende as common mafic minerals and surmicaceous enclaves and xenocrysts are not common in them. Hybrid rocks have a set of geological characteristics between crustal and mantle type rocks. Geochemical properties of mentioned rock types are seperatable from each other and confirm deductions outlined above.


, , ,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract

Lahijan granitoid pile, east of Gillan Province, petrographically comprises of mostly two group rocks: felsics (granite, porphyry granite and granodiorite) and mafics (diorite) and in terms of magmatic series belong to subalkaline and are mostly calcalkaline. The contact between the pile and surrounding rocks is faulty and includes myllonitic and cataclastic rocks yet there is no metamorphic haloe around it, so it has not intruded them and therefore unlike the previous statements it may not be Triassic in age. The presence of some similarities among trace element behaviors, especially REEs between felsic and mafic groups like, resemblance and enrichment of REE patterns, LREEs steep slope, flat patterns of HREEs, relative enrichment of LFSEs all suggest a common origin for them. The existence of ambiguous characteristics for example Aluminum saturation index (ASI) or molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O), P behavior, lack of observation sedimentary or basic microgranular xenoliths, abundance of biotite in felsic, hornblende and ouralitised pyroxene in mafic rocks, presence of individual apatite in felsic and lacking of it and low content of P2O5 in mafic rocks, Na2O/K2O wt% ratios, and amount of normative corundum, all propose that Lahijan granitoid is rather hybrid one instead pure I or S types. According to spider and discremenation diagrams, these intrusives belong to an arc setting.


, ,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract

Hybrid inorganic-organic material based on Keggin type polyoxometalaes ([SiW12O40]4-) and praseodymium-dipicolinic acid (pydc; 2,6-pyridindicarboxylic acid) with the formula of [Pr2(pydc)2(H2O)8][H2SiW12O40]•4H2O (1) is obtained under a hydrothermal condition. Compound 1 was characterized by infrared spectrum and elemental analysis and its structure was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis illustrates the praseodymium atoms connect to each other through organic linkers to form four nuclear cycles. Two crystallographically independent four nuclear cycles are created by a rotation C2 axis. Through connection of these cycles, another two cycles in different orientation will formed which are bigger by 8 nodes. Finally, silicotungstate molecules accommodate up and down these cycles. This motif will expand regularly in all dimensions to construct a 3D coordination polymer accompanied by Keggin nano-particle guests.


Maryam Alidaei, Morteza Izadifard, Mohammad Ebrahim Ghazi,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract

The CH3NH3PbI3 is one of the most widely used and famous lead halide perovskite absorber layer for using in perovskite solar cells. One of the ways to deal with the instability problem of this perovskite structure in environmental condition is bromide doping in this composition. In this work, the structural and optical properties of the bromide doped CH3NH3PbI3 absorber layers were studied as well as J-V characteristics of solar cell devices based on this absorber layer were also measured and analyzed. Photovoltaic parameters of the fabricated solar cell were measured continuously for 162 days. The results of this study showed that even though the bromide-free perovskite devices has the highest PCE (11.65%), but suffer from a significant drop in PCE (86%) during the measured time period . Comparison of the results showed that the lowest rate of efficiency loss (1%) was obtained for the solar cell with a 1: 1 molar iodine-bromide ratio with an energy conversion efficiency of 9%.
Gholipour, Masoudi, Azizi, Asahara,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract

Zircon is an stable mineral during post crystallization processes and preserves characters of magmatic events. Zircon morphology can give some information about temperature, nature, and source of the magma. Study of the zircon morphology of Cretaceous granitoids and acidic volcanics from the southeast Saqqez area reveals that most of the crystals are P5 and S25 types with high alkalinity (I.A.) and temperature indexes (I.T.) in the range of 672.9 and 637.9 respectively.The minimum temperature of zircon crystallization is estimated to be in the range of 600 to 750 °C based on the morphology, saturation of Zr, and whole-rock chemistry. The presence of apatite inclusions and the mineralogical composition indicate that the source of the magma was relatively hydrous. Typological evolutionary trend (T.E.T.) shows the granites as I-type with calc-alkaline nature, which are in line with geochemical data. The zircon mineral morphology indicates that the granites in the SE Saqqez formed from hybrid magma with crustal and mantle origin.

 

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