In this research we apply X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method to determine toxic and heavy metals in stack gases that arises from industrial furnaces. Three factories were selected and various samples were collected from their furnaces and smoke-stacker, and the results compared each other.

In this research work a rather new method was used to detect trace elements of small quantities. For this, X-ray intensity enhancement effect and standard samples of BAS Company were employed. In the standard sample a small amount of Rubidium was present, which by adding some quantities of SrCo₃ to the sample the XRF characteristic peaks of Rubidium were enhanced. This effect proved to be applicable for detecting trace elements.

One of the main sources of error in sample preparation is
contamination resulted by laboratory equipments. Among these equipments,
pulverizers and mills have a major impact. In this research, several samples
of rock and ore with different abrasive property were pulverized by a
tungsten carbide ring mill and analyzed by XRF method. It has shown that
some samples were highly contaminated by tungsten and cobalt. The rate of
contamination can be directly related to sample abrasiveness and time of
pulverizing. Many interference of X-ray fluorescence spectra of tungsten and
cobalt with some other elements were also found. In order to get a precise
results, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the interference of these
elements by appropriate methods.

The mineralogical and geochemical composition of the soils of
three representat ive pedons fanned on basaltic andesite, andes itic basalt and
phyllite were investigated. Results by XRF showed that progressive
weathering of rocks have been marked by gradual accumulation of AI, Fe,
Ti, Mg. H30+ and depletion of Na, K, Ca and Si in the soi l; although,
predominant clay, loss and gain trend of elements was different on the
various rocks. Based on x·ray diffraction analysis, minerals in basaltic
andesite and andesitic basalt were similar but, the intensity of mica to
smectite or vermiculite transformation for latter was relative ly higher than
the former. This process revealed the degradation mineral because of two
reasons: ( i) - smectite and vermiculite increased whereas mica decreased in
surface horizons. (ii}-Irregular mixed layer of mica-5mectite or vermicu lite
was present in deeper part (170 cm) of the soils from andesitic basalt but
shallower depth (75 cm) of the soi ls from basaltic andes ite. Clay minerals in
phyllite were mica and chlorite that stratified with vermiculite. However, the
absence of smectite in phyllite might be attributed to more acidic condition
or position of the Fe ion in the mineral lattice of chlorite (higher Fe in the
interlayer hydroxide sheet)

Extensive outcrops of metamorphic rocks is located in east of fariman (gandab) cantain andalusite schiste has been evaluted their potential as mineral deposite in this study. For this purpose, after preliminary studies of petrography and geochemistry, were performed processing tests including gravity and magnetic separation with aim of evaluation ability of production andalusite used in refractories industry.  Petrography study includs of thin sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in order of identify the associated elements, chemical analysis of samples taken by XRF. The results show that processing operations using dry high intensity magnetic separation  and heavy media method  of gravity  seperation, product  %55 aluminum oxide, %1.5 iron oxide, %42 silicon oxide and  less than %0.5 of potassium and sodium oxides, which is comparable to international standards and marketable andalusite