Strontium titanate polycrystalline thin films were prepared by sequent deposition of three TiO₂/SrO/TiO₂ layers using spray pyrolysis technique. Deposition parameters such as:  precursor solution, deposition temperature, flow rate of solution and annealing conditions were optimized to obtain homogeneous transparent films. Prepared thin films have granular microstructure. The optical transmittance and absorption spectra show that the films are absorber of the ultraviolet and transparent against visible lights. The transparency and grain size of the prepared samples increase by annealing process. The calculated optical band gap       (3.38 eV) is in good agreement with the existing data.

We have chosen an Ising ASYNNNI (ASYmmetric Next Nearest Neighbor Interaction)   model under a grand canonical regime to investigate structural phase transition from a high symmetric tetragonal (Tet) to a low symmetric orthorhombic in YBa₂Cu₃O_6+x , 0c system. Ordering process for absorbed oxygens from an external gas bath into the basal plane of the layered system is studied by Monte Carlo Glauber dynamics which focuses on the effect of chemical potential in the bath on the oxygen diffusion inside the basal plain, as well. It is predicted short range super-lattice phases called orthorhombic II and III (OII, OIII) and also a long range orthorhombic I (OI) phase, corresponding to the oxygen stoichiometry, x, and temperature. It is consistent with literatures and confirmed by our ND studies (ILL, France) too.

The study area is located in the Kerman province, 10 Km north of Rabor. Geologically, the area is situated in the eastern section of Dehaj-Sarduiyeh belt which is a part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage. The dykes were intruded in the Eocene pyroclastic rocks and Pliocene sedimentary units. Petrographic studies show that these rocks are andesitic in composition. Mineralogically they are composed of plagioclase, hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene. Phenocrysts of plagioclase show disequilibrium textures such as oscillatory zoning and sieve texture. Hornblende and biotites are affected by opacitization process. The dykes have mainly hyalloporphyritic, microlitic porphyric and flow textures. Based on geochemical studies, the rocks show enrichment in LREE rather than HREE The lack of significant Eu anomalies in REE patterns indicates oxidation state of magma during crystallization. These properties are signatures of calc- alkaline series formed in a volcanic arc setting.                                                                                                    

The oxidation of sulfide minerals in coal and mine's waste materials produce acid mine drainage. The evaporation, oxidation, dilution and neutralization of this acid drainage lead to formation of secondary minerals. Due to having broad surface spreading these minerals have the potential of maintaining sulfates and many of the metallic elements. In order to carry out mineralogical and geochemical studies on environmental minerals formed, the sampling has been done in the dumping site of the Vatani coal washing factory and coal mine of Galand-rud on 2008. On the basis of X-ray diffraction results the minerals identified are epsomite, hexahyrate, gypsum, halite, goethite, hematite, dolomite, siderite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and quartz as major minerals and jarosite as a minor mineral. The geochemical analyses indicate the enrichment of MgO, SO₃ and trace elements of Cr, Pb, Co, Rb in secondary minerals relative to the mine's coal and dumped materials. On the other hand, the environmental minerals are enriched in Ni, Zn, pb, Cu, Cr, Co up to levels more than the Clarke abundance and average of China, America & world coal mines. On the basis of Gibb's diagrams the cations and anions present in mine’s drainages are originate from parent materials. According to hydrogeochemistry saturation index model in acid drainage of dumping area of Vatani coal washing factory, goethite, Iron, hydroxides, calcite, dolomite are in saturated, while iron sulfates melanterite and jarosite are under saturated.

Molybdenite is the major source of Re in the Earth’s crust. Mineralogical data, chemical analyses and  scanning electron microscopy techniques have been used in this study to document Re behavior in molybdenite, affected by hypogene and near-surface processes. XRD study of  molybdenite samples indicate that the molybdenites are of the 2H polytype.The patterns of rhenium distribution in molybdenite grains provide clear evidence on rhenium precipitation that is syngenetic with molybdenite during the growth of the molybdenite grain. Late–stage hydrothermal fluids can remove Re from molybdenite in the hypogene environment. Re loss in molybdenite can occur in fluids associated with argillic alteration, at temperature as low as 100oC. Molybdenites in the supergene zone were  Re- depleted relative to samples in the hypogene zone.

Chah-Shoor kaolin mine is located about 150 km southeast of Isfahan and also located in the central Iran structural zone, Urumieh-dokhtar volcanic belt. Eocene Igneous rocks consist of andesite, tuffs and quaternary deposits have covered the area. Based on petrographic studies, the main minerals in the volcanic rocks are K- feldspar, quartz and plagioclase. Hydrothermal alteration has produced industrial soil. The major phases in this reservoir are kaolinite, illite, muscovite and residual of quartz, albite, and orthoclase and minor phases are montmorillonite, chlorite and hematite. Geochemical studies and physical tests show the clay soils of the mine have the range of color after firing from cream to brown, medium absorption of the water and high drying resistance, high firing resistance. The samples of Chah-Shoor Varzaneh have compared with industries standard. Industrial soil in Chah-Shoor is suitable for tile and ceramic industries; while for other application need to procreation.