Eastern Birjand ophiolitic complex consist of different rock types of a complete ophiolitic sequence. Three groups of amphiboles which exist in metabasites of this ophiolitic complex are of: calcic amphiboles, such as actinolite-tremolite and magnesio-hornblende; calcic-sodic amphiboles, e.g. vinchite and barroisite; and sodic-amphiboles, e.g., glaucophane, magnesio-riebeckite and ferro-glaucophane. Petrographic studies, geothermobarometry results and composition of minerals, especially amphiboles in mineral assemblage of different metamorphic rocks clearly indicate pressure-temperature variations of metabasites within different evolutionary stages. This indicates that subduction and subsequent thrusting are occurred in the studied area.

Mafic rocks including basalts and gabbros are the main constituents of Birjand ophiolites. They are found in several places and show low grade metamorphism in the field and under the microscope. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for basalts and gabbros indicate that these rocks are transitional-enriched to depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalts respectively. Otherwise, N-MORB normalized trace elements patterns for basalts and gabbros are considered to be enriched in some LIL elements. Depletion in Ti and also in Nb (in gabbros) is other characteristic of these rocks. Therefore an incomplete short-lived subduction regime for generation of those heterogeneities can be suggested. The primary mantle-normalized trace elements pattern for Birjand harzburgite also confirms some LIL enrichments.

The ophiolitic complex of eastern Birjand consists of various rocks of a complete ophiolitic complex. Except for basaltic pillow lavas which are changed to metabasites such as eclogites and blueschists under metamorphic conditions, all other rock types of an ophiolitic complex could be seen in this sequence. Chemistry of garnets and their zoning patterns indicates the occurrence of subduction in the study area. The presence of the low-temperature and medium-temperature eclogites in the study area also may show the collision process between Lut and Afghan Blocks which has occurred after the subduction process. This collision process has lead to the occurrence of medium-temperature eclogites in response to the increase of temperature in the study area and then uplifting of the eclogitic rocks during the emplacement of area ophiolite in the suture zone between Lut and Afghan Blocks.

The Southern Caspian Sea ophiolite complex (SCO) is one of the Late Cretaceous discontinuous oceanic lithosphere remnants in northern Iran. These complex is almost a complete sequence from bottom to top, ultramafic cumulates, layered gabbros, isotropic gabbros, dike complex and basaltic lavas which is covered by Late Cretaceous (Companion- maaestirchtian) pelagic limestone. Crustal ultramafic cumulative rocks are mainly composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite and clinopyroxenite. The crystallization order in the ultramafic rocks is: olivine (with high Mg# in clinopyroxene) + clinopyroxene (cumulus and with high Mg#) + olivine (intercumulus and with low Mg#). The mineral chemistry of the ultramafic cumulates of the Southern Caspian Sea ophiolite (SCO) is not consistent with crystal–liquid fractionation of primitive mid oceanic ridge basalts at low pressures. The presence of highly magnesian clinopyroxene (Mg# = 81-90), homogenouse composition of clinopyroxene, absence of zoning in clinopyroxene together with the absence of plagioclase, as early fractionating phases, indicate medium- to high-pressure (up to 10 kbar) crystal fractionation of primary basaltic melts. Mineralogical and geochemical data suggest that the ultramafic cumulates are distinct from rocks in mid oceanic ridge ophiolites. Mineral composition of clinopyroxene show that the ultramafic rocks of Southern Caspian Sea ophiolite, were formed from the basaltic magma in an island arc/suprasubduction zone tectonic setting.

Plio-Quaternary volcanic eruptions in southeast of Nehbandan are composed of basic rocks, overlying the Late Cretaceous flysch-type and younger alluvium deposits. Petrographically, these rocks are basalt, basaltic andesite and andesite. These lavas are characterized by porphyritic, microlitic-porphyry, trachytic and glomeropophyritic textures. They contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine and amphibole (hornblende) phenocrysts and fine-grained plagioclase-clinopyroxene microlite in groundmass. Geochemically, these rocks are calc-alkaline and represented by 47.8 - 57 wt. %. SiO₂ and about 17 wt. % Al₂O₃. In chondrite-normalized REE diagram, these rocks show enrichment in LREEs and depletion in HREEs. In primitive-mantle normalized trace elements diagram, they are characterized by Nb (and P, Ti, Zr) negative anomalies and positive anomalies in Pb, K, Ba and Sr. These chemical characteristics of Nehbandan Plio-Quaternary lavas associated with high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios are consistent with derivation from a subduction environment. Y/Zr ratio of these rocks is similar to that of continental arc lavas. Discrimination tectono-magmatic diagrams suggest an active continental margin for the formation of Nehbandan Plio-Quaternary lavas.

In northwest of Marand northern part of Urumieh Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) a set of volcanic rocks crop out with composition of andesite, dacite, and sodic, potassic and ultrapotassic alkaline basalts with Upper Miocene until Plio-Quaternary in age. This paper report the andesitic and dacitic lavas erupted within pyroclastic rocks. These rocks have porphyritic texture and consist of plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxene and a minor biotite phonocrysts. Based on geochemical study, these rocks have SiO₂ in rang of 57.5-65.2, high Al₂O₃ (14.5-16.2) and Sr (557-1185), high Sr/Y (30.7-84.46), La/Yb (13.27-67.36) ratios, and low Y (11.2-20.2) that show adakitic characteristic for the parent magmas. On the base of geochemical characters, these rocks are high- SiO₂ adakites which is considered to represent subducted basaltic slab-melts that have reacted with peridotite during ascent through mantle wedge. Also these samples are enriched in LILEs and LREEs and are depleted in some HFSEs like Ta, Nb, and Ti. Intensive fractionated pattern of REEs and low quantities of HREEs and Y may prove existence of garnet or amphibole in the residua of melt. High Sr and negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, and Ti may be resulted from lack of plagioclase and having iron and titanium oxides in the residua phase. Breaking of oceanic slab during subduction and melting of this slab product adakitic magmatism in NW of Marand. High Mg^#, Cr, and Ni in rocks indicate metasomatism of melt with mantle wedge. High Ba, Rb, and K₂O contents of studied rocks indicate assimilation of magma with crust during rising of magma.

Eocene- Oligocene volcanic and subvolcanic bodies of Masjed-Daghi Located in 35 km East of Jolfa close of Aras River. On the base of structural geology the study area is a part of the West Alborz-Azarbayejan zone. Volcanic rocks are rhyolite, dacite to trachyandesite and subvolcanic rocks are porphyritic monzonite to diorite. The Formation of these rocks related to  subduction zone in an active margin continent that are described by enriched LREE and LILE elements rather than HREE and HFSE, negative anomaly Ti, Ta and Nb elements and high ratio Ba/Nb and Ba/Ta in diverting tectonic setting diagrams. In this area, chemical characteristics such as SiO2>57%, MgO<3%, low ratio Y and Yb (Y<13 and YB<1.4), Sr/Y>40 and La/Yb>20 are representing formation from full of SiO2 adakitic magma. These evidences with geochemical diagrams probably indicate that studied rocks product from melting ocean crust along component eclogite and garnet amphibolite.

The ore bodies of Galali and Baba-Ali are two relatively important iron ore deposits in west Iran.  These ore deposits are situated in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The deposits are associated with ultramafic, calc-alkaline, carbonatite and other rocks. Macroscopic observations, on the boreholes, show that one of the rare ultramafic rocks (hornblendite) appears in all various horizons parallel to magnetite. Petrological and mineralogical study (microscopic) show that two kinds of hornblendite exist: a) hornblendite with flow-texture and b) without flow-texture. Latter contain only one generation of amphibole. The major rock-forming mineral in this hornblendite is actinolite, which may contain minor concentration of diopside which probably is originated from pyroxenite by late stage supercritical solutions. Other rocks with flow-texture (hornblendite typeII) contain two generations of amphiboles. The first generation generated the flow-texture. Chemical compositions of rock-forming minerals are actinolite or actinolite hornblende and Tschermakitic hornblende. The second generation of amphibole is resulted by recrystallization of first generation. On the basis of XRF analyses, hornblendites are calc-alkaline to low-K tholeitic series into Chemical data of microprobe and regional tectonic indicate that the origin of magma was related to an intra-continental rifting. The subduction processes which were active up to Pliocene, also affected it. 

The study area is located at 130 km northwest of Nehbandan in South of Khorasan and is a part of the rectangular Chahvak (Dehsalm). Dacite, rhiodacite, andesite, rhyolite, tuff and lithic tuff with Eocene age are recognized in the study area. According to mineralogy, mentioned rocks include plagioclase, quartz, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite and alkaline feldspar. Plagioclase consists of zonal structure and amphiboles include a burned rim that this phenomenon is a sign of high temperature magma. Based on chemical classification, studied rocks are andesite, truckyandesite, andesitic basalt, rhyolite, dacite and rhiodacite. According to the petrologic graphs, the studied rock magmatic series have a nature ultraptasic calc-alkaline, Also by using from the separator graphs of tectonic setting, mentioned volcanic rocks have been located in subduction zones. Negative anomaly of elements P, Nb and Ti and positive anomaly of Pb and K in these rocks indicate the similarity of chemical properties of these rocks with volcanic arcs magmatism.

Chromite is one of the important mineral in all lithologies of the Dehsheikh ultramafic complex (South of Baft, Kerman Province) with different shapes and abundances. In the Dehsheikh harzburgites, this mineral present with two distinct generations. The first generation is refractory with variable Cr# values (between 46.2 to 60%) and contains low Al₂O₃ content (between 21 to 44.4 wt%). The second generation, as interstitial phase, is more Cr depleted and enriched in Al₂O₃ than the first one. Chemical composition of chromites from the Dehsheikh lherzolites is more similar to the second-type chromites of the Dehsheikh harzburgites. In the Dehsheikh irregular dunites, there are different shapes of chromites. The first group is chemically similar to those of the Dehsheikh chromitites, while the composition of second group is close to the harzburgitic refractory chromites. Cr-spinel in the Dehsheikh chromitties is characterized by high Cr# values (between 69 to 79) and in genetic diagram shows boninitic affinity. In TiO₂ vs. Al₂O₃ wt% discrimination diagram, the Dehsheikh chromites plot in suprasubduction zone field. Olivine-spinel geothermometry calculations on the Dehsheikh peridotites indicate subsolidus equilibrium temperatures (930 to 1080°C) for these rocks, while oxygen fugacity estimations yield values varing from +1.53 for the Dehsheikh lherzolites to +3.94 for irregular dunites. These values can be found in suprasubduction zone settings. In general, a suprasubduction zone with aqueous fluids derived from subducted oceanic slab is responsible for the formation of the Dehsheikh depleted peridotites and associated chromitites.

The Shanderman metamorphic complex, located in the west of Gilan Province and southwest of Bandar-e-Anzali, is composed of a variety of metamorphic rocks (including slate, schist, calk-schist, marble, serpentinite, metagabbro and eclogite). Based on petrologic studies, protoliths of these rocks have had ultramafic, gabbro-gabbro noritic and pelitic composition. Mineralogically, the metapelitic rocks contain biotite, chlorite, muscovite, andalusite and metabasitic rocks contain amphibole, garnet, olivine, pyroxene and serpentine. Predominant texture of the rocks is porphyrolepidoblastic or nematoblastic. Zr/Y ratio of these rocks, which is less than 3, shows that they are similar to oceanic island arc rocks. Negative anomalies of Ti, P, and K and positive anomaly of Pb (appeared in spider diagrams) are evidences for their relation to crustal assimilated subduction zones. Distribution pattern of trace elements such Th, Hf, La, and U in the studied metapelites indicates a transition from passive margin towards island arc. The characteristics of the studied assemblage show that it was developed in an oceanic passive margin and then evolved within subduction zone.

The Baft ophiolitic mélange, covering an area approximately 150 Km², is located in the Esfandaghe-Khamrood melange belt. The main part of intrusive rocks in the Baft ophiolitic mélange consists of gabbros, mostly isotropic and occasionally as pegmatitic rocks. Plagiogranites, as veins and small outcrops, are common along with gabbros and doleritic dikes through the area. Plagiogranites consist of trondhjemite, albite granite and granophyre. Based on geochemical studies, gabbros and plagiogranites are belonging to tholeiitic-calc-alkaline magmatic series. Plagiogranites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and typologically show characteristics between oceanic ridge (OR) and I-type granites which is consistent with their formation in a supra-subduction zone environment. Chonderite normalized REE patterns of plagiogranites show slight enrichment in LREEs along with flat HREE patterns. Chonderite normalized REE pattern of gabbros are relatively flat with slight enrichment in LREEs compare to HREEs. The derivation of an acidic melt from a gabbroic phase through either fractional crystallization and/or partial melting is less likely. It appears that the origin of Baft ophiolitic melange plagiogranites must be related to doleritic phase, although partial melting of hornblend gabbro and/or amphibolite can be also considered for at least one of the samples.

The studied volcanic and pluton rocks are located in west of Nir city in the Ardebil Province and south of Sabalan volcano. Volcanic rocks in the studied area are display basaltic to trachy-andesite composition with microlitic porphyry texture. The main minerals of basalt to trachyandesite rocks are plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine. Bordering to volcanic units, pluton of microgabbroic to microdioritic is exposed. These rocks have a granular texture with essential minerals of plagioclase; pyroxene, olivine and biotite. Multi-element diagrams, normalized to chondrite and primitive mantle, indicates LREE and LILE enrichment and HREE and HFSE depletion such as Ti, Nb and Ta in the studies samples. Based on trace elements ratios diagrams La/Sm vs. La and Zr/Nb vs. La/Yb, parental magmas may have been generated from low degree partial melting of subcontinental mantle source with garnet-lherzolite composition. Post-collisional geotectonic environment of the studied samples and trace element geochemical evidence indicate that produced magma formed from a metasomatic mantle due to ancient subduction.

According to the olivine and spinel chemistry, two types of peridotite were identified from west north Piranshahr ophiolite. Peridotite rocks are classified based on chemistry of spinel and olivine. Average number of Cr in spinels (Cr#[(100*Cr/(Cr+Al))]) and Mg-number (Mg#[100*Mg/(Mg+Fe)]) in dunite are 0.63 and 0.51 respectively. In harzburgite, Cr# is 0.33 and Mg# is 0.67 and in spinel from serpentinite Cr# is 0.45 and Mg# is 0.55. Also in dunite, Cr/Al is 1.6, in harzburgite Cr/Al is 0.49 and in spinel from serpentinite Cr/Al is 0.81. According to chemistry of spinel and olivine, there are two types of peridotite with different tectonic setting in the Piranshahr ophiolite (which age is upper cretaceous). Discriminant diagrams indicate that dunite is supra-subduction peridotite with a forearc setting, whereas harzburgite and serpentinite are abyssal peridotite. Two different tectonic settings in peridotites of this region are comparable with the Oman ophiolite in Oman-Zagros ophiolitic belt.

The Soleimanieh ultramafic-mafic cumulate rocks (East of Sabzevar) include gabbronorites, amphibole gabbronorites, pegmatite gabbros, leucogabbronorites, norites, diorites and plagioclase bearing amphibole peridotites. The Cr-number of spinels in amphibole peridotites and olivine gabbronorites varies from 0.44 to 0.45 and 0.42 to 0.44 respectively. Geochemically, the gabbroic rocks are characterized by Mg# between 50 to 65% and their composition is directly related to modal abundances of the main rock-forming minerals. They have low TiO₂ content, indicating boninitic to highly depleted island-arc tholeiitic affinities for their parental melts. The rocks have flat to depleted LREE patterns (relative to HREE). Enrichment in LILE and depletion in HFSE are characteristics of the Soleimanieh gabbroic rocks, showing formation of the rocks in a supra-subduction zone environment. Compared to the gabbroic rocks, the Sabzevar lavas have calc-alkaline characteristics and seem to be formed in a subducton zone environment.

Metamorphic rocks in SW Arak composed from two groups including regional and contact metamorphism. Regional metamorphic rocks are composed of slate, phyllite and micaschists and locted in green-schist facies and contact metamorphic rocks are composed of spotted schist and hornfels respectively. Mineralogically, these rocks are composed of quartz, chlorite, muscovite, biotite and cordierite. Petrographic studies of these rocks show that cordierite mineral formed during contact metamorphism. On the basis of mineral chemistry, the Chlorite has ripidolite compositions and muscovite is rich in the muscovite end-member. Based on calculations, chlorite mineral in regional metamorphic rocks in the study area have formed at temperature of 387-416 ºC and low-to medium pressure. According to the microscopic studies, field observations and obtained analyses of samples from different protoliths, the rocks have been sedimentary and graywacke or shale type. Major and trace elements concentration (e.g. K₂O, TiO₂, Rb, Ni) indicates that the primary igneous rocks was acidic (andesite to rhyodacite). In comparison with average of upper continental crust, the rocks of studied area of P, Sr, Ba, Ti negative anomalies and of Rb, K positive anomalies that cause replacements of these elements during metamorphism and alteration. Discriminations diagrams of tectonic setting indicate a subduction Zone. Using major oxides elements, the continental active margins considered for metapelites source.

Metamorphic rocks in SW Arak composed from two groups including regional and contact metamorphism. Regional metamorphic rocks are composed of slate, phyllite and micaschists and locted in green-schist facies and contact metamorphic rocks are composed of spotted schist and hornfels respectively. Mineralogically, these rocks are composed of quartz, chlorite, muscovite, biotite and cordierite. Petrographic studies of these rocks show that cordierite mineral formed during contact metamorphism. On the basis of mineral chemistry, the Chlorite has ripidolite compositions and muscovite is rich in the muscovite end-member. Based on calculations, chlorite mineral in regional metamorphic rocks in the study area have formed at temperature of 387-416 ºC and low-to medium pressure. According to the microscopic studies, field observations and obtained analyses of samples from different protoliths, the rocks have been sedimentary and graywacke or shale type. Major and trace elements concentration (e.g. K₂O, TiO₂, Rb, Ni) indicates that the primary igneous rocks was acidic (andesite to rhyodacite). In comparison with average of upper continental crust, the rocks of studied area of P, Sr, Ba, Ti negative anomalies and of Rb, K positive anomalies that cause replacements of these elements during metamorphism and alteration. Discriminations diagrams of tectonic setting indicate a subduction Zone. Using major oxides elements, the continental active margins considered for metapelites source.

The most important geological units in East of  Sarbisheh are Upper Cretaceous ophiolites assemblages that are predominantly serpentinized ultramafic in composition (dunite, harzburgite and pyroxenite). Chromite deposits in these rocks have generally various forms such as lenticular, layered and disseminated with varying dimensions. Textural studies on Golab Chromites show that they have primary textures such as massive and disseminated as well as secondary textures including cataclastic, mylonites, bereccia and extensional. Geochemistry of Golab Chromites points to average amounts of Cr₂O₃ (42.26%), MgO (17.23%), TiO₂ (0.36%) and Al₂O₃ (10.5%). The ratio Cr/Cr + Al (0.79 to 0.93) indicates that these chromites are enriched in Cr and depleted in Al. The high Cr₂O₃ and MgO contents in the Golab Chromite suggest that they were crystallized from a magma having relatively high degree of partial melting. High MgO content and Cr#, Mg# in Golab Chromites are comparable with typical parental boninitic magma. Podiform Chromitite deposits in East of Sarbisheh were probably formed in the mantle sequence, the latter was generated in the supra- subduction zone (SSZ). Golab Chromite are formed similar to Lubasa Ophiolite South Tabat.

The study area is located in Khorasan Razavi Province, NW Gonabad and based on tectonic setting, it is situated in the north of Lut Block zone. Subvolcanic bodies intruded the andesitic lava flows and the pyroclastics rocks. These intrusive bodies consist of small stocks and dykes with composition from quartz diorite, monzodiorite to granite. Widespread alteration identified in southern region that is mainly argillic. Mineralogical composition of this alteration to the abundance is quartz, kaolin, dickite, montmorillonite, hematite and alunite. According to geochemical studies, the granitoids and volcanic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline per-aluminous rocks. REE patterns in all of intrusions rocks show enrichment in LREE (3.5-6.5; ave., 4.75) rather than HREE. Volcanic rocks show high value of LREE/HREE, with La_N/Yb_N = 3.53 to15.47 and  negative Eu anomaly (mean Eu_N/Eu*= 0.54).

Metamorphic rocks that mostly consist of amphibolite, amphibole schist, garnet hornblendite and rarely metamorphosed chemical and terrigenous sediments are found in the ophiolitic complex of north Torbat-E- Heidarieh. Thermobarometry calculations of amphibolite samples indicate temperature higher than 800 °C and pressure less than 5 Kb. Metamorphic conditions of  amphibole schist and garnet hornblendite samples such as pressure and temperature, range between 7.5 to 13 Kb and 570 to 770 °C. These metamorphic conditions are nearly compatible with the pressure and temperature calculated for the adjoining garnet schist. According to the amphibole chemical composition, textural and mineralogical evidences, thermobarometry calculations and the variations of metamorphic gradient, amphibolite samples have been considered as the product of hydrothermal system of mid ocean ridge. While the other samples are created owing to sole metamorphism during subduction initiation. The co-existence of metapelite with sole metabasites in the ophiolitic complex of north Torbat-E-Heidarieh confirming that the subduction process initiation and ophiolite emplacement took place has been in the vicinity of a continental margin.