@article{ author = {}, title = {Petrography, geochemistry and petrology of the South Sahneh Ophiolite Complex (NE Kermanshah)}, abstract ={Ophiolitic complex of Sahneh could be considered as part of ophiolite sequences in the Zagros Suture Zone.This complex is a part of 3000 km belt, which is started from Syria after crossing south Turkey and Zagros leading to Oman. The studied ophiolitic complex is curvature in shape which is situated in south of Sahneh. No complete ophiolite sequence were seen in this complex. In general, the present lithology of the area consists of harzburgitic peridotites, isotrope and mylonitic gabbros, and small outcrop of plagiogranite sequence. Ultramafic rocks consist mainly of harzburgite, dunite, lherzolite, websterite, and mafic rocks are composed of pegmatoidic gabbro, olivine gabbro, mylonitic gabbros and isotrope gabbros. On the bases of major elements diagrams and spider diagrams, this complex could be resulted from a P-type ocean floor tholeiitic basalt (P or E MORB). Geochemical and petrological evidence showed that parent magma were high Mg sub-alkaline in type. Tholeiitic nature of magma are responsible for the formation of oceanic crust, and their position on to the mid oceanic ridge field. The P-type nature of magma indicated that the old-ridge were formed during a high spreading sea floor conditions. Geochemical and petrological evidence showing that parent magma were picritic in composition and may resulted from high melting ratio of the upper mantle.}, Keywords = {Ophiolite, Sahneh, Harzburgite, P or E MORB, Picrite.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-246}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-674-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-674-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Application of clay minerals as an indicator for soil erosion:An example from Lateshur watershed, southeast of Tehran}, abstract ={It is very important to identify the source of sediment yield in a drainage basin for any practical soil conservation program. Clay minerals in litological units, can be used as an indicator for prediction of soil erosion. Marl and marly-limestone of Neogen red beds, Hezardarreh Formation and Quaternery alluvium, are exposed in the Lateshure watershed. 21 sampels from surface soils of diffrent lithologic units and alluvium sediments were collected. These samples were analysed by XRD for identification of different types of clay minerals (montmoriolit, cholorite, illite and kaolinite) as well as their amounts were semi-quantitatively determined. Cluster analysis showed that the clay minerals can differentiate surface soils from Neogen red beds and alluvium sediments. Based on F test in this study, montmoriolit and illite can be used as an indicator for prediction of the source of soil.}, Keywords = {clay minerals, source indicator, cluster analysis, F test}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {247-262}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-675-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-675-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Garnet genesis in altered conglomerate of Sangestan Formation, Damak Aliabad (west of Taft, Yazd Province)}, abstract ={The conglomerates of Sangestan Formation (Lower Cretaceous) have been metamorphosed in the vicinity of the leucogranitoid rocks of the Shir-Kuh batholith and have created the mineral assemblage of garnetepidote- quartz-calcite-pyrite in the contact halo. Following the contact metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration (pyrite formation and silicification) has likely occurred. Based on the trace element contents of the garnets , the skarn in the contact halo is Cu-Pb-Zn bearing calcic skarn type. The above mentioned minerals, apparently, indicate that there is a genetic relationship between intrusion related Cu-mineralization and the skarnification in the study area.}, Keywords = {Garnet, Skarn, Sangestan Formation, Damak.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {263-278}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-676-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-676-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {SPEX mechanical milling preparation of the Al metal matrix composite powders, reinforced by nanometer size SiC particles}, abstract ={The effect of SPEX mechanichal milling on a mixture of Al-SiC composites has been investigated. Results of XRD, SEM and commulative size distribution analysis show that the size of crystallites is decreased as milling time increses to 12 hours, while lattice strains are increased. Meanwhile the crytallite size increases with increasing miling time between 12 and 24 hours, but the lattice strains decreas. In addition, average particle size of the composite decreses at initial 6 hours but increases for longer milling times. SEM and TEM micrographs of the productions indicate homogeneous distribution of 50 nm size SiC particles into Al matrix, where the homogeneuty increases with increasing milling time.}, Keywords = {Metal matrix composit, Mechanichal mixing, SPEX milling. Al- SiC.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {279-294}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-677-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-677-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Determination of the thermal range of mineralizaion in the Chahar-Gonbad copper mine by using pyrite crystals morphology}, abstract ={Chahar-Gonbad copper mine, in Kerman province, has mainly formed as veins with low reserves and medium grade. Mineralization is mainly occured as chalcopyrite, pyrite, rare galena and sphalerite. Sericitic, argillic and propylitic alterations have been identified in this are deposit. These alteration occurod in the thermal range of about 350 C. In this research, the morphology of pyrite crystals is used for determination of the thermal range of mineralization. It is possible that the pyrite form in a mineralization zone shows the state of thermal range during mineralizaton. Based on this assumptian, the needle crystals are formed in temperatures below or equal to 250 C, abundant grooves while with increasing temperature to 450 C the cubic crystals with abundant grooves and a few octahedral surfaces are formed. Investigations of collected pyrite crystals from alteration zones of this ore deposit show that the cubic types with abundant pyritohedron surfaces are common and crystals with high density with groove surfaces are seen with smooth surfaces crystals. Therefore it is interpreted that pyrites have formed in the thermal range between 250 to 450 C. According to the temperature range for alteration (mean 350 C), it seems copper that the mineralization have occurred between 350 to 450 C.}, Keywords = {Chahar- Gonbad, pyrite, Morphology, Temperature}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {295-304}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-678-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-678-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Study of different sample preparation methods for SEM micrographs from heavy metal-contaminated illite and kaolinite}, abstract ={The soil properties are function of mineral type, characteristics of pore fluid, microstructure of soil, and environmental conditions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be used as a tool for a direct study of soil microstructure. In addition, one of the methods for evaluation of heavy metal contaminated clayey soils is related to the application of SEM. In this paper, a method for homogeneous sample preparation for SEM micrograph from clayey soil suspension is presented. Due to the importance of the application of undisturbed samples for SEM study, different methods of sample preparation including; peeling, fracturing, and resin application for contaminated soils are investigated. Sample of illite and kaolinite were laboratory contaminated with different concentrations of lead nitrate as a source of heavy metals. After achieving equilibrium, samples were exposed to the resin. Then, different sample preparation methods were applied for those contaminated illite and kaolinite. Finally, micrographs of samples were taken by scanning electron microscope. The impact of sample preparation method on the quality of SEM images in these clay minerals and in the presence of Pb ions is investigated. The prepared SEM pictures are compared with untreated samples as well. The results indicate that the exposure of samples to resin has a noticeable impact on the quality of SEM micrographs of contaminated clay minerals.}, Keywords = {SEM micrograph, Heavy metal contamination, Illite, Kaolinite, Resin, Peeling.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {305-324}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-679-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-679-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {RECOGNITION OF PINAVAND FLUORITE MINES OCCURRENCE BASED ON GEOTH}, abstract ={Geochemical studies of the Pinavand Fluorite Mines indicates that fluorite has been deposited from a high salinity, typically low temperature and Mg-rich fluid in two stages: Based on geothermometrical data, at the first stage fluorites were formed at relatively high temperature (85-235Cº) and accompanied by host rock replacement (in the form of epigenetic dolomitization). The second stage of fluorite mineralization has occurred at low temperature (65-115 ºC) and has formed lodes and vein-likes along the breccia and fault zones. However, the salinity was relatively invariable (15- 23 wt% NaCl), suggesting salinity of fluorite-forming fluid was the same at all occurrences. By studying of REE patterns and regarding to some ratios of HREE to LREE, it could be observed that the first stage of fluorites was enriched in LREE revealing mineralization has occurred in early stage of crystallization .In contrast, the second stage of fluorites containing high proportion of HREE were deposited in the last stages of crystallization event. Based on the calculated (Yb/La), (Yb/Ca), (Tb/La) and (Tb/Ca) ratios, two mechanisms could be proposed: assimilation (replacement) for the first type fluorites and remobilization (rejuvinilization) for fluorites of the second stage.}, Keywords = {Pinavand Fluorite Mines, Geothermometry ,Rare Earth Elements}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {325-338}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-680-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-680-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The study of texture and different phases constituting the Jajarm Bauxite minerals in northern Khurassan, NE Iran}, abstract ={The Jajarm Bauxite deposit 16 kilometers E-W trending and overlis, the Karstic dolomite rocks of the Elika Formation. The study of texture and different phases has been carry out in order to understand the degree of crashing, particles size, condition of formation, degree of crystallization, porosity, distribution of constituent elements and beneficiation for the propose of digestion and potential of physical beneficiation. The phase analysis indicates that the Jajarm Bauxite is typical diasporic bauxite accompanied with Kaolinite, hematite and anatase. Hard bauxite is the high quality bauxite with Al2O3>50% and SiO2 < 9%. Mineral chemistry shows that out of 58% of Al2O3, 54.39% constituting diaspore structure, 1.6% is in kaolinite and 0.94% in topaz. where as out of 5.78% SiO2, 3.72% occurring in kaolinite structure, 1.5% as free and inactive quartz and the rest of it is located in topaz structure. The Jajarm bauxite shows a politomorphic, micro granular texture with several secondary textural elements. The size of main minerals component are generally below 10 micron, with homogeneous matrix. Kaolinite minerals forms stacks of very thin (<0.1 micron) crystal platelets. In addition, in a very hard bauxite, separation between the crystal grains and the matrix can not be done because of similar hardness for both with closely packed space filling and in consequence of the missing defined borderlines of the grains. Based on the above studies, the Jajarm bauxite can be enriched neither by grain analysis nor by the magnetic separation. Laboratory study shows, only it can be improve by water treatment.}, Keywords = {bauxite, bauxite phases, bauxite texture, mineralogy, diaspore, jajarm ,Iran.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {339-366}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-681-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-681-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of ETM+ and ASTER data for hydrothermal alteration mapping in the central part of the Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt, Kerman Province}, abstract ={The study area is located in the Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt in Kerman province. This belt forms the south eastern part of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt. Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data have been used for this study. Different image processing techniques such as false color composite, band ratioing and principal component analysis are used for recognizing the alteration zones related to the copper mineralisation. The aim of this investigation is to compare ETM+ and ASTER data and finding out their capabilities to recognize the altered and iron oxide bearing areas. This investigation showed that ETM+ data due to its blue region spectral band can enhance the iron oxide rich areas much better than ASTER data. ASTER data due to its various spectral bands in the short wave infrared is more capable of enhancing clay bearing areas.}, Keywords = {ETM+, ASTER, band ratio, principal components, copper mineralization, Kerman}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {367-382}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-682-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-682-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Tetragonal shape of Cu2S in recent hydrothermal deposits}, abstract ={The samples studied through this research were collected from active black smokers located in the mid-oceanic ridge from a depth of 2276m by a sea-born ship “Academician Mstislav Keldysh”(2002), in its 47th research mission. The collected samples were studied by microscopic, microprobe and X-ray analysis (Debye-sherer). These samples were in the form of narrow pipes with zoned structure, which included the following zones from the core to the margin: isocobanite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite and cupper sulfide zones. For the first time, it has been observed that tetragonal phase within the cupper-sulfide zone in recent sulfide, deposits. Tetragonal phase of Cu2S, which is an unstable form of chalcocite, is stable only at high pressures (more than 0.8 Kb) and temperatures higher than 102 oC. The tetragonal form of Cu2S in one of the studied samples was associated with Chalcocite-Djurleite mixture and in another studied sample was associated with chalcocite-Bornite mixture. Its average chemical composition was also determined as Cu2.02S. It is likely that the emergence of this unstable phase in young hydrothermal deposits, which are formed at 250-350 oC, is not odd but after hydrothermal activity and temperature reduction it is changed to more stable phases. Evaluation of older black smokers showed no trace of tetragonal phase.}, Keywords = {copper sulfides, tetragonal form of Cu2S, recent hydrothermal deposits.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {383-394}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-683-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-683-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Clay minerals in soil-loess sequences in Pasang area, Golestan province}, abstract ={Loess/soil sequences have been proven to be excellent paleoclimate indicators. Large areas of northern Iran are covered by loess deposits which provide a good condition to carry out research on paleoclimate, paleosols and discontinuities. The objectives of this research were to identify clay minerals of soil-loess sequences, to determine the role of climate change in clay mineral transformation and to estimate the relative ages of soil development based on archaeological information. Samples were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that kaolinite, illite, quarts and feldspar were dominant in the fine clay, coarse clay and silt fractions. The type and the quantity of clay minerals in soils are highly correlated with parent material. Semiquantitative estimation indicated that different clay minerals are quantitatively different in the profiles. This may be due to different weathering rates caused by cool/dry and wet/warm periods. A high degree of chlorite to smectite transformation was observed in deep soil horizon (130– 170 cm) where a developed horizon was buried. Differences between soil layers development were confirmed by comparison of oxalate and dithionite extractable Fe.}, Keywords = {Loess, Clay minerals, paleoclimate, soil development.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {395-412}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-684-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-684-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of substitution of cobalt on crystal structure and magnetoresistance of La0.75Sr0.2Mn1-xCoxO3 compositions, prepared by sol-gel technique}, abstract ={The La0.75Sr0.2Mn1-xCoxO3 (0 ≤ X ≤ 1) Manganite-Cobaltites are synthesized by sol-gel method and their structural, electrical and magnetic properties are studied. After calcination over 800 ºC, all compounds were crystallized in the perovskite rhombohedral structure ( R3C, Space group). Due to nonstochiometery, some traces of the La2O3 phase were appeared in final samples. Resistivity measurements of the samples between 77 and 328 K revealed that resistivity at first decreased and then increased by increasing cobalt content. Also, magnetoresistance results in presence of external fields up to 1.5 T exhibit negative magnetoresistance in all samples. The colossal magneroresistance effect has been observed in all samples except the samples without Mn. Variation of the resistivity and magnetoresistance of the samples with Co content are described based on three following mechanisms: spin scattering, charge compensation and distortion of metal– oxygen-metal bonds. Magnetoresistance behavior of the samples are evaluated based on (1) increased of the double exchange interaction, (2) increased probability of inter-grain tunneling of the carriers, and (3) decreased scattering of carriers from magnetic fluctuations mechanism in the presence of applied field,}, Keywords = {Manganite- Cobaltite, Sol - gel, La0.75Sr0.2Mn1-xCoxO3, Double exchange, Clossal magnetoresistance (CMR).}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {413-430}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-685-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-685-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The study of chemical composition and evolution of minerals during various metamorphic events in the Hamadan region}, abstract ={Metamorphic rocks of the Hamadan region have experienced regional and also contact metamorphism (due to intrusion of gabbro, diorite and granitic bodies), therefore, their mineral assemblages have formed in multiple stages. Evidence of regional metamorphism (M) and contact metamorphisms at the contact of gabbros (M’1) and porphyroid granites (M’2) are separatable, hower At the contact of hololeucocratic granites a very local contact metamorphism (M’3) have occurred (from a few decimeter up to a few meters, due to small size of these bodies). Minerals such as micas, garnet, staurolite, cordierite, andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite are usually produced by several reactions, and participated in other reactions to form other minerals. The relationship between mineral growth to deformational events have been found at several stages (i.e. pre-tectonic, syn-tectonic and post-tectonic minerals are common in metamorphic rocks of the region.) Pegmatites and silicic veins have played essential role in some metamorphic reactions as sources for heat and fluids, so that some metamorphic minerals are common near these veins and disappear far from the veins. Considering observed mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks of the region, regional metamorphism can be correlated with low to moderate P/high T Buchan type metamorphism. In final stages of metamorphism, high T minerals such as cordierite experienced retrograde reactions or pseudomorphed and higher pressure minerals such as kyanite have been more stable.}, Keywords = {Polymetamorphism, regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism, mica, garnet, staurolite, cordierite, andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {431-454}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-687-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-687-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Isotopic analysis of mineral phases to unravel the origin of altered volcanic rocks: an example from the Leucite Hills lamproites}, abstract ={Study of lamproites from Leucite Hills, Wyoming, indicates that the isotopic compositions of some specimens have been modified due to the alteration and/or the presence of secondary carbonate impurities within the whole rocks. Leachate test shows that while phlogopite lamproites are not affected by secondary processes, the transitional madupitic lamproites from Middle Table Mountain and one madupitic lamproite from Pilot Butte localities are most affected by the mentioned processes. Comparing the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of sedimentary enclaves with those of lamproites also pinpoints affected samples. Based on such observation, mineral grains from a number of samples were separated and analysed for Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. The analysis of clinopyroxene, apatite and perovskite from the Leucite Hills lamproites provides the most reliable mean for determining the isotopic composition of the affected samples. It also shows that the the whole rock samples from Middle Table Mountain are not representative of their parental melts and that the transitional madupitic lamproites should be classified as madupitic lamproites. Variation of isotopic ratios on Nd vs Sr isotopic diagram suggests that the madupitic lamproites have originated from a mantle source that was geochemically different from that of the phlogopite lamproites.}, Keywords = {leachates, lamproites, Leucite Hills, mineral separates, Wyoming}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {471-486}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-689-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-689-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The XRD study of chromites modifications: A semi-qualitative approach *M. Rahgoshay, H. Shafaii Moghadam}, abstract ={In this study we attempt to distinguish the relationship between the altered chromites and non-altered ones by X-ray diffraction. For the purpose of this study, an assemblage of altered/non-altered and deformed/non-deformed ophiolitic chromites has been collected and analyzied. Sharp and doubled peaks are resulted from non-altered and altered samples respectively. By using XRD studies, the parameter “a” from chromite grains has been calculated and the composition of same samples, obtaining from microprobe analysis, have given a chart that is useful for semi-qualitative recalculation of chromites composition.}, Keywords = {Diffractograms, crystalline lattice, altered borders, parameter “a”.}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {487-494}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-688-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-688-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the geochemistry of source rocks at Tannurjeh Au-bearing magnetite & Sangan Au-free magnetite deposits, Khorasan Razavi, Iran}, abstract ={Both Sangan and Tannurjeh magnetite deposits are Iron-oxides type. Geochemistry and petrography of source rocks at Tannurjeh and Sangan were studied in detail. The source rocks at Sangan are compused of quartz hornblende alkali syenite porphyry and quartz biotite-hornblende alkali syenite porphyry ; while The source rocks at Tannurjeh varies between hornblende quartz diorite porphyry and hornblende granodiorite porphyry. The Au content of Sangan deposit is up to 32 ppb, while Tannurjeh contains up to 700 ppb Au. Based on major oxides analyses, the source rocks at Sangan is ultra-potassic (K2O is 8.5 to 13%), but in Tannurjeh the K2O is lower than 3.5%. The MgO, TFeO, and CaO content of Tannurjeh source rocks is higher, therefore the rocks are slightly mafic in comparison with Sangan source rocks. The content of HFSE elements such as Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V are higher in Sangan source rocks and the LILE elements such as Th, Zr, Ba, Rb are higher in Tannurjeh source rocks. The La and Ce content of Tannurjeh is higher. At Tannurjeh the Sr and Zn content is higher while at Sangan Nb and Y is higher. The source rocks for IOCG deposits in Chile, coastal belt of Peru, and kirona areain Sweden are high to medium Kcontent, and alkaline to calc-alkaline diorite-monzonite-granodiorite; there fore the source rocks at tannurjeh have very ligh similarity in composition to these rocks.}, Keywords = {Sangan, Tannurjeh, Source rocks, Iron-oxide deposit, Au.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-26}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-691-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-691-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {fibrolite formation in the Chahghand gabbrodiorite contact aureole, NE Neyriz, Southern Iran}, abstract ={Intrusion of the Chahghand gabbrodiorite in regionally metamorphosed rocks of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in NE of Neyriz has caused contact metamorphism. A variety of pelitic hornfelses are formed as a result of thermal metamorphism. Spatial distribution of minerals in the Chahghand aureole defines three mineralogical zones namely cordierite, andalusite and sillimanite zones. Study of metamorphic reactions and phase relations indicate a pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 kbar and temperature of 500-600 oC and ~700 oC for the andalusite and the sillimanite zones respectively. Apart from crystallization of prismatic sillimanite in the sillimanite zone, fibrolite is formed in the other zones. It seems that cation leaching and deformation were the major processes in the formation of fibrolite in the Chahghand aureole. Regarding appearance of fibrolite in altered rocks far from the igneous contact, fibrolite is not crystallized within the sillimanite stability field, but it may has crystallized at lower temperatures. Therefore considering fibrolite in the rocks equivalent to sillimanite existence and estimated pressure and temperature on this basis, at least the altered rocks within the thermal aureoles is fraught with some problems.}, Keywords = {Contact metamorphism, Chahghand, Neyriz, pelitic hornfels, fibrolite.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-128}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-699-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-699-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Mineralogy, type, and metallogenic potential of alteration zones in Barandagh quadrangle, NE Zandjan, Iran.}, abstract ={Barandagh quadrangle is located in northeast of Zandjan, and is a part of polymetallic region of Tarem-Zandjan. Field evidence and microscopic studies show an intimate relationship between geochemical anomalies and alteration zones in this area. Based on the field observations and mineralogical studis, these zones, in light of extent, locality, and constituent mineral assemblage, differ from one another, and are scattered along the main shear zone of the area and the margin of Ghezel-Ozan river. The major alteration zones in this area are affiliated with the shear zone, and can be categorized into two discrete alteration types: 1) hypogene acidsulfate (e.g., silicified, alunitized, advanced argillic, sericitic, and propylitic zones) and 2) supergene acid-sulfate (characterized by minerals assemblage such as jarosite, alunite, goethite, gypsum, and native sulfur). Alteration zone along the margin of Ghezel-Ozan river consists of neutral-pH types of alterations (consisting mainly of argillic, calc-silicate-bearing, and zeolitic zones). In general, these alteration zones were developed by the function of a vast geothermal system during the late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene time. Date gathered indicate that the discrepancy in reaction rate between the fluids and the enclosing rocks caused the development of these two types of alterations. Note the type of alteration zones and the obtained results from geochemical exploration, show that this area possesses suitable potential for prospecting of Ag-Au epithermal and polymetallic (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag) deposits.}, Keywords = {Polymetallic region of Tarem-Zandjan, Barandagh, alteration zones, geothermal system, Au-Ag epithermal.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-42}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-692-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-692-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {palaostrees analysis of quartz grains in regional metamorphic rock at east of Hamedan Batolith}, abstract ={The study area is located in northern part of metamorphic belt of Sanandaj-Sirjan in east of Hamedan Batolith. This area is mainly composed of regional metamorphic rocks, such as staurolith, andalusite, silimanite and garnet bearing mica schists and slates, with nearly NW-SE trend. The age of these rocks (tectonites) are Pre-jurassic and have experienced two stages of deformation during ductile deformation. The first schistosity (S1) formed at the first phase (D1). The second phase (D2) was formed by sided forces where the most of structures have formed by this force. The fabric elements of second schistosity (S2) and second lineation (L2) formed in this phase. The subfabric elements of quartz, due to its physicochemical characteristic, was producted at this phase. Quartz grains, first and second schistosity and axes of microfolds all have orthorombic symmetry.}, Keywords = {Fabric elements, Schistosity, Lineation, Quartz., Hamedan}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-54}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-693-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-693-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Crystallography and morphological study of synthesized hydroxyapatite nano-particles}, abstract ={Hydroxyapatite (HA), which is represented by the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is one of the inorganic components of the hard tissues of living bodies such as bones, teeth, etc. HA is a calcium phosphate-based bioceramic, which has been used in medicine and dentistry for more than 20 years because of its excellent biocompatibility with human tissues. The precipitation process, considered here, can add orthophosphoric acid solution to a calcium hydroxide solution. The precipitated powder samples were examined by XRD, FTIR, SEM and FESEM (Field emission electron microscopy) methods. The results revealed that the final precipitated powder is HA and using SEM with high magnification showed that these HA consists of small rod-like particles. In addition, the morphology and size of the precipitated particles change during different stages of process. After drying, these nano-particles tend to form small agglomerates.}, Keywords = {Nanomaterials, Bioceramics, Hydroxyapatite, Crystallography, Morphology, Precipitation.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-694-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-694-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of silver doping on the properties of Bi1/6Pb0/4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ superconductor}, abstract ={In this research, the effect of silver doping on 2223 phase of ceramic superconductor Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ (BSCCO) has been investigated. To synthesis the samples, we used solid-state reaction method and two different doping methods, namely, doping samples during making processes (batches No.1) and doping samples after making superconductor (batch No.2). With doping Ag to BSCCO, the critical temperature Tc (mid) increases (batch No.1) and also the resistance of the normal state for all samples decreases. For batch No.1 samples, the Jc decreases from pure sample with increasing of Ag doping up to 2% but it increases to maximum value by increasing Ag doping in 5 and 15 percent. The Jc in batch No.2 decreases from pure sample to 5% Ag of doped samples and then increases by increasing Ag doping up to 20% and finally decreases to 60%. The SEM images of samples have shown that all surfaces are porous and the grains are platelike. The EDX analysis confirms that the primary elements in our samples are Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, Cu, and Ag. The XRD patterns indicated that the silver peaks form separate phase. Also by adding Ag to BSCCO, the BSCCO peaks slightly shifted. Therefore, the lattice parameters slightly change, but the structure of samples has been left orthorhombic.}, Keywords = {Ceramic Superconductor, Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ, Silver doping, Microstructure, Jc, Tc, SEM, XRD}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-80}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-695-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-695-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Photorefractive behavior of BaTiO3 crystals and their application in optical metrology in real time}, abstract ={In this research we measure some of the optical parameters of Barium Titanate crystal (BaTiO3), such as signal beam gain, coupling constant (exponential gain coefficient), change in index refraction and photorefractive sensitivity, which are very significant for optical data storage. In all experiment, two- wave mixing configuration at 632.8 nm (He- Ne laser) were used. Experimental data for change in signal beam gain versus input angle of two beam, beam intensity ratio, pump beam intensity and grating vector, were plotted and compared with Kukhtarev theory. Using of experimental data, we calculated other optical parameters such as exponential gain coefficient, change in index refraction and photorefractive sensitivity. The results are good and the crystal can be used for optical data storage, dynamic holography, etc. For a - wave mixing configuration,the same crystal as a recording medium for real time displacement has been used. For measurement of distant object a high coherent source such as He- Ne laser has can been used. Long coherence length of the laser permit to study the objects which are far away from the crystal. The influence of intervening medium must be negligible.}, Keywords = {Barium Titanate Crystal, Photorefractive Effect, Two-Wave Mixing, Real Time Displacement Measurement.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-90}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-696-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-696-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigating the optical modes of InxGa1-xN alloy and In0.5Ga0.5N/GaN MQW in far-infrared reflectivity spectra}, abstract ={Optical properties of InxGa1-xN alloy and In0.5Ga0.5N/GaN multi quantum wells have been investigated in the region of far infrared. Far-IR reflectivity spectra of In0.5Ga0.5N/GaN multi quantum wells on GaAs substrate have been obtained by oblique incidence p- and s-polarization light using effective medium approximation. The spectra and the dielectric functions response give a good information about the phonon and plasmon contribution in doped MQW as well as the mole fraction of compounds in the alloys. The changes in position of optical modes are good tools for measurement of the amount of free carrier and the amount of mole fraction in the samples. During study of InxGa1-xN reflectivity spectra, two distinct reststrahl bands with frequency near those of pure InN and GaN were observed over entire composition range. Each band shifts to lower frequencies and decreases in amplitude as the concentration of corresponding compound in alloy decreased. Analysis of dielectric function gives the TO-like and LO-like mode frequencies. The changes in LO mode frequencies, due to coupling of phonon–plasmon, have been observed.}, Keywords = {InxGa1-xN/GaN, MQW, Reflectivity Spectra, Far-Infrared, Optical Mode, Plasmon, Phonon, LO, TO.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {91-104}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-697-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-697-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Study of the crystallization and dopants effect on the semiconducting thermoelectric compounds with (Bi0.25 Sb0.75)2Te3 formula}, abstract ={The (Bi0.25 Sb0.75)2Te3 compound is a p-type thermoelectric semiconductor for application in thermoelectric cooling systems. To fabricate this single crystal, required elements, Bi, Sb and Te with 5N purity melted in quartz capsule at 10-6 torr pressure and rapidly quenched to room temperature. The sample crystallized by zone melting method with the rate of 8 mm per an hour at 700 oC and for heat stress relieving annealed at 370 oC.In this presentation; crystal growth process and effect of dopants on improving the thermoelectric property of crystals will be reported. Structural studies by XRD show the expected phases formed in single phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the quality of the crystal growth. Maximum figure of merit Z = 3.15×10-3 K-1in optimum condition was obtained.}, Keywords = {Crystal Growth, thermoelectric Semiconductor, Figure of merit, Scanning Electron Microscopy}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {105-112}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-698-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Grain boundary phase and microstructural study on non-oxide Si3N4 ceramics}, abstract ={Engineering ceramics are often difficult to prepare for observation because of their hardness, wear resistance and chemical inertness. Different silicon nitride containing Y2O3 and Al2O3 are prepared and etched using several different techniques and the most efficient methods are identified. The microstructure and grain-boundary composition were examined by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), electron diffraction and energydispersive X-ray microanalysis. A method has been developed to quantify microstructure consisting of elongated, rod like -grains to discuss the interdependence between starting materials composition, processing condition, microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of dense Si3N4 materials. It is shown that post-sintering heat-treatment in air in the temperature between 1100-1450 C results in substantial crystallisation of the glassy phase.}, Keywords = {Thermal, chemical and plasma etching, microstructural parameters, Grain boundary phase crystallization}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {129-152}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-701-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-701-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry evidences of the differentiation in the Karaj Dam basement igneous rocks}, abstract ={Igneous rocks of the Karaj Dam basement are mainly composed of gabbro, diorite and monzodiorite-monzonite which are locally penetrated by the quartz-monzonitic dikes. The upper and lower margins of the pluton, which has gabbroic composition, show porphyritic texture (chilled margin). The porphyritic texture in chilled margin gradually changes to the equigranular gabbro, diorite and monzodiorite-monzonite. The mineral chemistry (electron microprobe analysis) of the plagioclase and pyroxene in various rock samples from lower contact chilled towards the upper parts suggesting differentiation processes. The Mg of the pyroxene and An% of plagioclase of the contact chilled samples can be used as an indication of the original magma and plotted between the gabbro and monzonitic samples. In addition, increasing of the Mg within the whole rock samples from the upper of contact chilled, in comparison to the lower one, suggests elements differentiation by the gravity diffusion. Moreover, Na2O, K2O and incompatible elements increase and MgO, Fe2O3 (tot), CaO and compatible elements decrease with the progress of the magma differentiation. The samples in the Log Ni-Log La and Log Ni-Log Zr diagram plot almost as straight horizontal line, which confirms occurrence of the magma differentiation.}, Keywords = {differentiation, Karaj Dam, mineral chemistry, geochemistry, chilled margin, Iran.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {153-176}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-702-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-702-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigation of contaminations resulted by tungsten carbide pulverizer and their spectra interference in XRF analysis method}, abstract ={One of the main sources of error in sample preparation is contamination resulted by laboratory equipments. Among these equipments, pulverizers and mills have a major impact. In this research, several samples of rock and ore with different abrasive property were pulverized by a tungsten carbide ring mill and analyzed by XRF method. It has shown that some samples were highly contaminated by tungsten and cobalt. The rate of contamination can be directly related to sample abrasiveness and time of pulverizing. Many interference of X-ray fluorescence spectra of tungsten and cobalt with some other elements were also found. In order to get a precise results, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate the interference of these elements by appropriate methods.}, Keywords = {Sample preparation, Contamination, Tungsten carbide ring mill, Abrasiveness, XRF, Spectra interference.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {177-188}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-703-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-703-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Study of mass changes of elements during skarnification processes in east of Sungun-Chay river, NE of Tabriz, Iran.}, abstract ={Copper-bearing skarn zone in east of Sungun-Chay river is located about 100 km NE of Tabriz, and was developed along the contact of the mineralized porphyry granitoid stock (Oligo-Miocene) with impure carbonate rocks (Upper Cretaceous). Both endoskarn and exoskarn occurred in this zone. Endoskarn is narrow (~0.5-2m) whereas exoskarn is relatively broad (25-55m) and contains minerals such as calc-silicates (grandite, diopside-hedenbergite, tremolite-actinolite, epidote), silicates (quartz, chlorite, and clays), sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, bornite), oxides (magnetite, hematite), and carbonates (calcite, ankerite). Skarnification processes occurred in two distinct stages, including progradation and retrogradation. Calculations of chemical index of alteration (CIA) indicate that the exoskarn underwent metasomatic alteration within the range of 8.41% to 57.29%. Analysis studies of mass changes of elements, on the basis of Nb (as a monitor immobile element), indicate that considerable amounts of elements such as Fe, Si, Mg, S, Cu, Pb, and Zn were added to the skarn system by hydrothermal fluids from the side of pluton, while substantial amounts of Ca was leached out of the system. The overall obtained results show that elements such as Fe, Si, and Mg were introduced into the skarn system by metasomatizing fluids during both progradatian and retrogradatian stages whereas the ore-forming elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, and S were added to the system mainly during retrograde stage. The inharmonious mass increase of Al and portion of mass changes of Si are due to the local variations of pelitic impurities within the carbonate rocks (as protolith).}, Keywords = {Exoskarn, Chemical index of alteration, Mass changes, Skarnification, Sungun.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {189-206}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-704-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Synthesize of Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Complex on Natural Clinoptilolite Support to Enhance It Sorption Efficiency}, abstract ={In this research, the synthesize possibility of Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex on natural clinoptilolite, as a support for removal of Cs+ and Sr+2 from radioactive waste, was investigated. Previous work showed that in the high concentration of sodium ion the sorption of these radionuclides on zeolites is low, therefore we enhance the efficiency for the purpose with loading Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex on clinoptilolite. First Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex was synthesized and characterized using ICP-AES, XRD and SEM methods. Then the structure of clinoptilolite and the complex loaded zeolite were characterized using IR, EDS, SEM and XRD methods. Sorption of cesium clinoptilolite and potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate-loaded clinoptilolite (CFC) was determined in the presence of various concentration of sodium ion. Results showed the sorption of CFC was improved in comparison to its original natural clinoptilolite.}, Keywords = {Potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate complex, Clinoptilolite, Cs+ Removal.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {207-218}, publisher = {Iranian Socity of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, url = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-705-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijcm.ir/article-1-705-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy}, issn = {1726-3689}, eissn = {2588-4719}, year = {2006} }