Volume 29, Issue 1 (3-2021)
www.ijcm.ir 2021, 29(1): 81-96 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Saeidi, Hajialioghli, Moazzen. whole rock and study of formation of eastern gneisses of Salmas
(west of Urumia Lake), NW Iran. www.ijcm.ir 2021; 29 (1) :81-96
URL: http://ijcm.ir/article-1-1587-en.html
URL: http://ijcm.ir/article-1-1587-en.html
1- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract: (1319 Views)
East Salmas gneisses are located in the northernmost parts of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and are seen in banded and deformed with the 6 different groups of lithological diversity. Their protolith is of paragneiss type with arkosic sedimentary rock type.Texturally, they are immature. Based on this study, chemical maturation trend of protolith of the present investigated gneisses are in the arid to semi-arid boundary climatic conditions with average granite composition and chemical alteration index of about 55%. The linear trend in the diagrams of major oxides variations of the parent gneisses in the region confirms the partial melting and granitization of the genesis in these rocks. According to the pattern of normalized diagrams, these rocks show good agreement with typical paragneiss diagrams of the world. Investigating the various diagrams reveals that the tectonic setting of the gneisses is mainly of continental margin type with passive sedimentary trend.
Keywords: whole rock chemistry, mineralogy, gneiss, paragneiss, East of Salmas, West of Urmia Lake, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone.
References
1. [1] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52 (1968) 1229-1258. [DOI:10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D]
2. [2] Stocklin J., "Possible ancient continental margins in Iran. In: Bruke, C.A., Drack, C.L. (Eds.), The Geology of Continental Margins, Springer, New York, (1974) pp. 873-887. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-01141-6_64]
3. [3] Sabzehei M., Mohammadiha K., "Geological map of Gangejin (Serow)", Scale 1:100000. Geological Survay of Iran (2003).
4. [4] Nabavi M. H., "An introduction on iran geology", organization of geology and mine explorations of country, 109 p (1355).
5. [5] Ghasemi A., Talbot C. J., "A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj- Sirjan zone (Iran)", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26 (2005) 683-693. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.01.003]
6. [6] Eftekharnezhad J., "Distinction of different parts of Iran in view of structure situation related to sedimentary basins", oil society publication. 82 issu, (1359) pp. 19-28
7. [7] Stampfli G.M., "Etude Geologique generable de 1̓ Elbourz oriental au sud de Gonobad-e-Qabus (Iran, NE). PhD Thesis", Univ. Geneve, (1978). 329 pp.
8. [8] Alavi M., "Sedimentary and structural characteristics of the Paleo-Tethy remnants in northeastern Iran", Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 103 (1991) 983-992.
https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0983:SASCOT>2.3.CO;2 [DOI:10.1130/0016-7606(1991)1032.3.CO;2]
9. [9] Alavi M., "Tectonics of Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations", Tectonophysics 229 (1994) 211-238. [DOI:10.1016/0040-1951(94)90030-2]
10. [10] Mohajjel M., Fergusson C.L., "Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone", western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology 22 (2000) 1125-1139. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00023-7]
11. [11] Shafaii Moghadam H., Stern R.J., "Ophiolites of Iran: keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia:(I) Paleozoic ophiolites", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 91 (2014) 19-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.008]
12. [12] Shafaii Moghadam H., Li X-H., Ling X-X., Stern R J., Santos J. F., Minhold G., Ghorbani Gh., Shabani sh., "Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Carboniferous A type granites and gabbronorites in NW Iran: Geochronological and geochemical constraints", Journal of Lithos, 266-279 (2015). [DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.11.009]
13. [13] Khodabandeh AA, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Tasuj, organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).
14. [14] Khodabandeh A A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Salmas, organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).
15. [15] Asadpour M., Heuss S., Pourmaafi S. M., "New evidences of Precambrian and Paleozoic magmatism in the Gharebagh intrusives, NW of iran, Journal of Earth Sciences (1392).
16. [16] Rollinson H.R., "Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation", interpretation. Longman Group, UK, lst edition. 352p (1993).
17. [17] Coish R.A., "Rift and ocean floor volcanism from the late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic of the Vermont Appalachians in Sinha, A.K., Whalen, J.B., Hogan, J.P. eds., The nature of magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America Memoir 191 (1997) 129-145. [DOI:10.1130/0-8137-1191-6.129]
18. [18] Niggli P., "Gesteins-und Mineralprovinzen (Vol. 1). Gebruder Borntraeger (1923).
19. [19] Winchester J.A., Park R.G., Holland J.G., "The geochemistry of lewisian semipelitic schists from the Gairloch District, Wester Ross. Scott", J. Geol. 16 (1980) 165-179. [DOI:10.1144/sjg16020165]
20. [20] Pettijohn F.J., Potter P.E., Siever R., "Sand and sandstones", Springer-Verlag, New York, U.S.A (1972). [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-9974-6]
21. [21] Herron M. M., "Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data", Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 58 (1988) 820-829. [DOI:10.1306/212F8E77-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D]
22. [22] Abu El-Enen MMA Will TM, Okrusch M., "P-T evolution of the Pan-African Taba metamorphic belt, Sinai, Egypt: Constraints from metapelitic mineral assemblages. J Afri Earth Sci 38: 59-78. [DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2003.09.002]
23. [23] Lopez de Luchi M, Cerredo ME, Siegesmund S, Steenken A, Wemmer K., "Provenance and tectonic setting of protholiths of the Metamorphic Complexes of Sierra de San Luis", Asociacion Geologica Argentina 58 (4) (2003) 525-540.
24. [24] Moyen JF, Watt GR., "Pre-Nagssugtoqidian crustal evolution in West Greenland: geology", geochemistry and deformation of supracrustal and granitic rocks north-east of Kangaatsiaq. Geol Surv Denmark Greenland Bull 11 (2006) 33-52. [DOI:10.34194/geusb.v11.4915]
25. [25] Drost K., Linnemann U., Wemmer K., Budil P., kraft P., Fatka O., Marek J., "Provenance and Early diagenetic processes of the Ordovician Sarka Formation at Praha Cerveny vrch hill (Barrandian", Czech Republic). bull Guosci 78 (2003) 147-156.
26. [26] Osae S., asiedu D.K., Banoeng-Yakubo B., Koeberl C. Dampare S.B., "Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Proterozoic Buen sandstones of southeastern Ghana: Evidence from geochemistry and detrital modes", J Afri Earth Sci 44 (2006) 85-96. [DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.009]
27. [27] Dutta P.K., Suttner L.J., "Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate. L. Framework mineralogy", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56 (1986) 329-345. [DOI:10.1306/212F8909-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D]
28. [28] Crook K.A.W., "Lithogenesis and geotectonics: the significance of compositional variations in flysch arenites (greywackes). In: Doti, R.H., Shaver, R.H. (Eds.)". Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation: Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 19 (1974) 304-310. [DOI:10.2110/pec.74.19.0304]
29. [29] Nesbitt H. W., Young G.M., "Early Proterozoic Climate and Plate Motion Inferred from Major Element Chemistry of lutites", Nature, 299 (1982) 715 -717. [DOI:10.1038/299715a0]
30. [30] Harker A., "The Natural History of Igneous Rocks", Methuen and Co., London (1909).
31. [31] Hassanzadeh J., Stockli D., Horton B., Axen G., Stockli L., Grove M., Shmitt A., Walker D., "U-Pb zircon geochronology of late Neoproterozoic - Early Cambrian granitoids in Iran: Implications for paleogeographym magmatism", and exhumation history of Iranian basement. Thectonophysics 451 (2008) 71-96. [DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.062]
32. [32] Balaghi Enalou M., Sadeghian M., Zhai M., Ghasemi H., Mohajjel M., "Zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopes and geochemistry of the schists, gneisses and granites in Delbar Metamorphic-Igneous Complex, SE of Shahrood (Iran): Implications for Neoproterozoic geodynamic evolutions of Central Iran". The journal of Asian Earth Sciences 92 (2014) 92-124. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.06.011]
33. [33] Rollinson H.R., "Using geochemical data: evaluation", presentation, interpretation.580p (1949).
34. [34] McLennan S. M., "Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: Influence of provenance and sedimentary processes", Rev. Mineral., 21 (1989) 169-200. [DOI:10.1515/9781501509032-010]
35. [35] Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M., "The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution", Blackwell London, England (1985).
36. [36] Gromet L. P., Dymek R. F., Haskin L. A., Korotev R. L., "The "Nort American Shale Composite": its compilation", major and trace elements characteristics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48 (1984) 2469-2482. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90298-9]
37. [37] Floyd P.A., Leveridge B.E., "Tectonic environment of the Devonian Gramscatho Basin South Cornwall: framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 144 (1987) 531-542. [DOI:10.1144/gsjgs.144.4.0531]
38. [38] Roser B. P., Korsch R.J., "Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio",. The Journal of Geology, 94 (1986) 635-650. [DOI:10.1086/629071]
39. [39] Bhatia M. R., Crook K.A.W., "Trace elements characteristics of greywackes and tectonics and tectonic discrimination of sedimentary basins", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 92 (1986) 181-193. [DOI:10.1007/BF00375292]
40. [40] Sun S.S., McDonough W.F., "Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A.D. Norry, M.J.(eds), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society", London, Special Publications: l42 (1989) 313- 345. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
